RSID: <<2020-07-02T23:31Z MFSK-32 @ 9265000+1500>>


Welcome to program 159 of Shortwave Radiogram.

I'm Kim Andrew Elliott in Arlington, Virginia USA.

Here is the lineup for today's program, in MFSK modes as noted:

  1:42 MFSK32: Program preview (now)
  2:47 Climate change reversed 6,500-year cooling trend
  7:39 MFSK64: History of the Dodge Brothers automakers, part 2*
15:20 This week's images*
28:20 MFSK32: Closing announcements

* with image(s)


Please send reception reports to radiogram@verizon.net

And visit http://swradiogram.net

Twitter: @SWRadiogram




From New Atlas:

Human-induced climate change reversed 6,500-year global cooling
trend

Michael Irving
1 July 2020

What would Earth’s climate naturally be doing if it weren’t for
human intervention? Researchers at Northern Arizona University
have now analyzed over 12,000 years of climate data, and found
that human-induced warming interrupted and reversed a long-term
natural global cooling period.

It’s no secret that the Earth is heating up at an incredible
speed, with recent months, years and decades all breaking
temperature records. But this data only goes back to the 1880s,
when observations began being routinely recorded. So how does the
current trend compare in the longer term?

To find out, researchers have been compiling data from various
sources that stretch back many millennia. A few months ago, a
team of 93 scientists published a particularly comprehensive
record of paleoclimate data, spanning the past 12,000 years. It
includes 1,319 data records from samples like lake deposits,
marine sediments, peat, cave deposits, coral, and glacier ice
cores, collected from 679 sites around the world.

From that, the researchers were able to chart changes in the
surface air temperature over the last 12,000 years – a time when
the world was coming out of the last Ice Age. This was then
compared to the average for the century between 1800 and 1900, to
track how the Industrial Revolution might have changed things.

As expected, at the beginning of that period temperatures were
much colder than the 19th century baseline. But they steadily
warmed up over the next several millennia, eventually surpassing
the baseline. Temperatures peaked around 6,500 years ago, and
since then the planet has been slowly but surely cooling down.

“The rate of cooling that followed the peak warmth was subtle,
only around 0.1 °C (0.2 °F) per 1,000 years,” says Michael Erb,
co-author of the study. “This cooling seems to be driven by slow
cycles in the Earth’s orbit, which reduced the amount of summer
sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere, culminating in the ‘Little
Ice Age’ of recent centuries.”

Of course, the world is no longer cooling – human activity saw to
that. Instead, we’ve raised average temperatures by as much as 1
°C (1.8 ° F) since the mid-19th century. That’s a huge spike in a
relatively short time, rising even higher than that peak 6,500
years ago.

“It’s possible that the last time the sustained average global
temperature was 1°C above the 19th century was prior to the last
Ice Age, back around 125,000 years ago when sea level was around
20 feet higher than today,” says Darrell Kaufman, lead author of
the study.

Although we’re heading into largely uncharted territory, in terms
of climate change, investigating these historic patterns can help
us better understand what might lie ahead, under different
scenarios.

The research was published in the journal Scientific Data.

Source: Northern Arizona University

https://newatlas.com/environment/climate-change-reversed-6500-year-global-cooling/


Shortwave Radiogram changes to MFSK64 ...



 

RSID: <<2020-07-02T23:37Z MFSK-64 @ 9265000+1500>>


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From Deutsche Welle:

Dodge Brothers: From family ownership to corporate underling

(Second of two DW articles about the Dodge Brothers.)

        When the Dodge brothers died in 1920, they left behind a
        manufacturing behemoth that had sales of $161 million. The
        company was later sold and went through many changes, but
        the name Dodge is still part of Fiat-Chrysler.

Timothy Rooks
1 July 2020

Most of the thousands of US automotive startups in the past 120
years failed to even get off the ground. Others rolled along for
a while and then sputtered out. Very few brands are still around
from the early days. One of the few is Dodge Brothers, which has
been making headlines for 106 years.

At a time when horse-drawn carriages still were a common sight —
even in Detroit — brothers John and Horace Dodge were keen to
make horseless carriages motor along. They started a machine shop
in 1900 and were soon supplying Ford with nearly all its moving
parts. Never satisfied, they wanted to do something new,
something bigger.

The brothers founded their own automobile manufacturer on July 1,
1914. Without any outside investors they started with one
vehicle, a five-passenger touring car without a solid roof. Six
years later a palate of 145,000 vehicles left their Hamtramck,
Michigan plant.

Facing all challenges

The company was flexible enough to make either right- or
left-hand-drive vehicles, which they sold around the world. They
survived a downturn during World War I by selling vehicles to the
US military and making specialized parts for artillery guns.

Stories made the rounds of John crash-testing cars into walls
himself or throwing tires off of buildings to see how they
bounced. Other stories told tales about drunken carousing and bar
fights.

Whatever the gossip, the Dodges turned their knowledge of machine
making into an enormous business that grew each year. It was a
Cinderella story that ended tragically in 1920 when both brothers
died.

They were simple and honest machinists from rural Michigan. "They
were exacting; they were fair; they demanded a lot, and they gave
a lot in return," concluded Frederick J. Haynes who had known the
brothers for 20 years and took over as president of the company
after John died.

"We can only speculate on what the Dodge brothers might have
accomplished had they lived another 10 or 15 years. One
intriguing piece of evidence suggests that they were preparing to
follow Henry Ford's lead in producing the raw materials needed
for their automobiles," wrote Kim Zelinski, a Dodge expert at
Oakland University's Meadow Brook Hall, in a tribute to the
brothers.

With the founders gone, Dodge Brothers faced its biggest
challenge. But the company was in good working order. It had
modern facilities and the men in charge had worked under the
Dodge brothers and shared their values. By 1920 the plant had
grown to 3.3 million square feet and the company made five
different models for $1,085 to $1,850. They also sold chassis
(without any body) and two different commercial vehicles.

On July 1, 1920, the company made its 500,000th automobile. Nine
years after it started operation, the one-millionth vehicle
rolled out of the factory in December 1923. Some improvements
after 1921 included a stronger frame, better seats, one-piece
windshields, windshield wipers and the addition of a heater. As a
testament to the company, 60% of the original Dodge dealers were
still selling the cars in 1925. A year later, 90% of all Dodge
Brother cars "were still in service," according to the company.

Sale of a lifetime

Without anyone in the family to take over, the widows of the
Dodge brothers put the company up for sale in January 1925.
Between them they owned or controlled 499,990 out of the 500,000
shares. Only two offers were considered: GM and investment banker
Dillon, Read & Company. Backed by a syndicate of bankers, Dillon,
Read & Co. won with their all-cash offer. The deal was closed on
May 1, 1925, when a certified check for $146 million was
delivered. It was an astonishing amount for a family-owned
company that was only 11 years old.

A New York Times article quoted bankers involved in the
transaction who said that such large deals usually involved the
exchange of securities and not cash, calling the Dodge Brothers
sale "the largest cash transaction for a single industrial unit
in the history of American finance."

Dillon, Read officially reincorporated the company in Maryland
and put their own people in charge, despite issuing a statement
at the time stating they intended to run the company "as an
independent corporation, without change of policy or personnel or
management."

These new, inexperienced managers invested heavily and pushed the
company to go upmarket and cut costs, even if that meant buying
engines from outside sources. They also bought Graham Brothers, a
successful truck-maker.

But the company wasn't meant to be upmarket and was soon
struggling. In July 1928, the Dodge Brothers company was sold to
Walter P. Chrysler for $170 million. For Chrysler Corporation it
was a way to tap into a huge dealer network and more
manufacturing capability. For Dodge Brothers it was the end of
independence; now it was just a division of another company.

The reorganization also meant that GM, Ford and Chrysler-Dodge
would account for around 75% of passenger vehicle manufacturing
in the US. It was the birth of the "Big Three," as Automotive
Daily News declared on June 4, 1928. It was also the death knell
for most independent automakers. The Great Depression and World
War II would do the rest to entrench the Big Three, which
dominated global production until the 1970s.

A legacy worth reflecting on

Though Chrysler changed "Dodge Brothers" to just "Dodge" in
1930, the original nameplate and logo were still in limited use
until 1939. Their plant, later called "Dodge Main," ran until
1980. Today the Dodge name lives on as part of Fiat-Chrysler. Yet
its founding principals are gone. It is no longer a family
business, its simple structures replaced by layers of management
spread across the globe.

When the brothers were in charge, John held up the business side
by working with suppliers, directing sales, advertising and
finances. Horace designed the products and many of the machines
they used. He organized and managed production and plant layout.
The shop floor was his domain. John once declared: "There isn't a
man working in our shop whose job, if he were to choose to leave
it, my brother or I couldn't take up and finish." No matter how
big the company got or how rich they became, the brothers knew
their business inside out.

When either John or Horace Dodge spoke of the company, they
usually said "my brother and I" and returned mail unopened if it
wasn't addressed to Dodge Brothers. "They would not accept
letters sent to either of them as individuals or mail sent to
'Messrs. Dodge,' or to 'the Dodge Factory'," wrote Charles K.
Hyde in "The Dodge

The brothers fully owned the company, never once borrowed from
banks and were their own men. At the same time they were humble
enough to hire trusted managers to help them. They were
financially conservative and not interested in manipulating
stocks, playing with debt or other finance tricks used by Henry
Ford or William Durant and Alfred P. Sloan at General Motors.

As John once said: "There is no twilight zone of honesty in
business. A thing is right or it's wrong. It's black or it's
white."

The Dodge brothers were straightforward men who ran a huge
company as if it were still a tiny machine shop with a dozen
employees. They were workaholics, did business on a cash basis
and constantly plowed money back into the company. Their main
focus wasn't making money, but making quality vehicles.
Simplicity was their recipe for success. It's a recipe that many
could learn from even in 2020, a century after their deaths.

https://www.dw.com/en/history-of-dodge-brothers-cars-a-detroit-automotive-manufacturing-legend-turns-106/a-53825149

Image: An original 1915 Dodge Brothers touring car ...


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This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK64

Please send your reception report to radiogram@verizon.net

This week's images ...


A brig with scarlet sails on the Finnish Gulf coast during
festivities marking school graduation, St. Petersburg, Russia.
From https://bit.ly/3dNSvWQ ...

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Fireworks explode by the Empire State Building on the first of
six nights of Macy's 4th of July fireworks shows. From
https://bit.ly/3imiRmn ...

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This view of Avenue of Roses in Portland, Oregon, is winner of
the LensCulture Street Photography Awards 2020. From
https://bbc.in/2ZsxWdy ...

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Sun through leaves, Highams Park in London. From
https://bbc.in/3imF8QU ...

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Close-up of a thistle in bloom. From https://bbc.in/2NR1bB6 ...

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RSID: <<2020-07-02T23:58Z MFSK-32 @ 9265000+1500>>




This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK32 ...


Shortwave Radiogram is transmitted by:

WRMI, Radio Miami International, wrmi.net

and

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Please send reception reports to radiogram@verizon.net

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I'm Kim Elliott. Please join us for the next Shortwave
Radiogram.

RSID: <<2020-07-01T21:50Z MFSK-64 @ 7780000+1500>>

This Is A Music Show #071
1 July 2020

2100-2200UTC Wednesday on 7780 kHz
0200-0300UTC Thursday on 5850 kHz

via WRMI, Okeechobee USA

Rebroadcast on Unique Radio, Australia
1000-1100UTC Friday on 5045 or 3210 kHz USB
Check https://www.uniqueradio.biz/ for schedule!


***ALSO***

TIAExpressMS w/ Radio Northern Europe International
via Channel 292 in Germany, on 6070 kHz.

Broadcast various dates/times. Check the schedule here:

https://www.channel292.de/schedule-6070-khz/
https://rnei.org/

----------------------------------------

PLAYLIST
 

Links of note:

Kim Mitchell's "Go For A Soda" music video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXnTbmPxv5g

-----

Please send reception reports/comments:

thisisamusicshow@gmail.com

Follow TIAMS on Twitter:

www.twitter.com/ThisIsAMusicSho/

------


Thanks for listening!

--YOUR HOST--



EOM


 

RSID: <<2020-07-01T21:52Z MFSK-64 @ 7780000+1500>>


Sending Pic:300x300Cp4;

Canada Centennial Album - 1967

==>     https://youtu.be/syLKG_t9hxM