RSID: <<2021-03-25T23:31Z MFSK-32 @ 9265000+1500>>
 

Welcome to program 197 of Shortwave Radiogram.

I'm Kim Andrew Elliott in Arlington, Virginia USA.

Here is the lineup for today's program, in MFSK modes as noted:

  1:52 MFSK32: Program preview (now)
  3:00 Shortwave Radiogam schedule information**
  5:38 Atomic clocks bring more precise time measurement
  9:05 MFSK64: ESA mission to test sat-nav in lunar orbit*
13:40 This week's images*
27:35 MFSK32: Closing annoouncements

* with image

** Flmsg plain text form

 

Please send reception reports to radiogram@verizon.net

And visit http://swradiogram.net

Twitter: @SWRadiogram

... start
[WRAP:beg][WRAP:lf][WRAP:fn badfile]<flmsg>4.0.17
:hdr_fm:21
KD9XB 20212503171759
:hdr_ed:21
KOdhB 20212403213420
<plaintext>
:tt:19 Shortwave Radiogram
:to:30 Friends of Shortwave Radiogram
:fm:3 Kim
:dt:10 2021-03-25
:sb:46 Shortwave Radiogram time and frequency changes
:mg:1258 Many shortwave broadcast stations will change frequencies for the A21 frequency season starting March 28, 2021.

No frequencies for Shortwave Radiogram will change except for the DRM transmission from WINB in Pennsylvania, Friday 1500-1530 UTC, which will be on new 15750 kHz (replacing 13655 kHz) starting April 2.

Programs on WINB 9265 kHz and WRMI 9955 kHz remain pegged to Eastern Time in the United States, so they are one hour earlier by UTC. All other Shortwave Radiogram transmissions stay at their UTC times.

This will be the Shortwave Radiogram schedule effective March 28, 2021:


| UTC Day   | UTC Time  | kHz        | Transmitter       |

| Thursday  | 2330-2400 | 9265       | WINB Pennsylvania |
| Friday    | 1300-1330 | 15770      | WRMI Florida      |
| Friday    | 1500-1530 | 15750      | WINB Pennsylvania |
| Saturday  | 0000-0030 | 9955       | WRMI Florida      |
| Saturday  | 0230-0300 | 9265       | WINB Pennsylvania |
| Saturday  | 1330-1400 | 15770      | WRMI Florida      |
| Sunday    | 0800-0830 | 5850  7730 | WRMI Florida      |
| Sunday    | 2330-2400 | 7780       | WRMI Florida      |


[WRAP:chksum A0ED][WRAP:end]
... end


^r








This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK32

Please send your reception report to radiogram@verizon.net

From Science News:

Atomic clocks take a step toward redefining the second

A new clock comparison is the most precise yet, accurate to
within a quadrillionth of a percent

Emily Conover
March 24, 2021

A new measurement moves scientists closer to revamping how we
keep time.

After scientists redefined the unit of mass, the kilogram, in
2019, they set their sights on overhauling the fundamental unit
of time, the second. Now, comparisons between three atomic clocks
mark an important step toward that goal.

Since the 1960s, the second has been defined by atomic clocks
made of cesium atoms, which absorb and emit light at a particular
frequency that determines the length of a second. But "there have
been a lot of improvements in atomic clocks since then," says
physicist David Hume of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology in Boulder, Colo. Improved timepieces called optical
atomic clocks could be used to more precisely define the second.

But first, scientists must ensure they fully understand the new
clocks, for example by comparing the frequencies of light from
different timepieces. Now, scientists with the Boulder Atomic
Clock Optical Network, or BACON, have made such comparisons,
measuring the ratios of frequencies of three atomic clocks, one
made of ytterbium atoms, one of strontium atoms and one made with
a single electrically charged aluminum atom. The results are the
most precise clock comparisons yet, with uncertainties less than
a quadrillionth of a percent, the researchers report in the March
25 Nature.

Because the three clocks were in different locations - two at
NIST and the other 1.5 kilometers away at the research institute
JILA - the team compared the clocks by sending information across
an optical fiber and through an open-air link. This ability to
compare distant optical atomic clocks is a step toward clock
networks that could be used to make precise measurements such as
characterizing Earth’s gravity and testing fundamental physics.

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/atomic-clock-new-measurement-time-redefining-second


Shortwave Radiogram now changes to MFSK64 ...


 

RSID: <<2021-03-25T23:39Z MFSK-64 @ 9265000+1500>>


This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK64

Please send your reception report to radiogram@verizon.net
 

From New Atlas:

ESA's Pathfinder mission to test sat-nav coverage in lunar orbit

David Szondy
March 19, 2021

ESA plans to use its upcoming Lunar Pathfinder mission to
experiment with expanding sat-nav coverage to the Moon. By tuning
in to the radio signals leaking from the Galileo and GPS
satellite constellations, the goal is to provide more precise and
accurate position fixes for spacecraft in lunar orbit.

Satellite navigation has revolutionized life to the point where
instant location fixes are taken for granted. However, because it
relies on growing constellations of increasingly sophisticated
satellites ringing the planet, it's a technology that is
currently restricted to the Earth.

With a number of countries mounting programs to ramp up lunar
exploration, a sat-nav system around the Moon would be very
useful, but it would also be staggeringly expensive to set up.
Perhaps something like Galileo or GPS will be in place one day,
but ESA is looking for ways to use the Earth's existing sat-nav
systems for lunar missions.

Currently, lunar missions must rely on tracking stations back on
Earth to find their position through range and angle
measurements, but this isn't very accurate and has only limited
capabilities. This is unfortunate because the Moon's
gravitational field is very irregular due to concentrations of
denser material, called mascons, buried under the lunar surface.
These tug at orbiting spacecraft, altering their trajectories, so
accurate navigation is very important.

The problem is that Galileo isn't particularly suited for lunar
work. Not only are its radio signals beamed at the Earth, but the
constellation sits in orbits about 14,429 miles (23,222 km) above
the Earth. However, in 2019, NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale
Mission was able to determine its orbit using GPS signals when it
was 116,300 miles (187,166 km) away, nearly half the distance
from the Earth to the Moon. This proved that, although most of
the energy emitted by the antennas on the navigation satellites
is directed back at Earth, there is enough signal radiating
sideways to be useful in space, as long as you use a strong
enough antenna.

Launching in 2023, the Lunar Pathfinder communications satellite
is being developed as a public-private partnership. Its
experimental system will use a high-gain antenna that homes in on
the "side lobes" that radiate from the sides of radio beams
emitted by Galileo and GPS satellites. This allows the
high-sensitivity receiver to pick up sat-nav signals that are
millions of times fainter than those received on Earth.

According to ESA, the Lunar Pathfinder will be able to fix its
position to within 330 feet (100 m) while it circles the Moon in
a highly stable orbit as it carries out reconnaissance of the
lunar south pole. The biggest problem will be to use the sat nav
systems even though the signals are coming from one small area in
the sky.

ESA says it plans to extend sat-nav coverage around and even on
the Moon in the coming decade, and if successful, the new
technique could not only be used for navigation in space, but
also for scientific purposes, such as studying the Moon's
near-nonexistent atmosphere or providing a long Earth/Moon
baseline for physics experiments.

Source: ESA

https://newatlas.com/space/esa-pathfinder-mission-test-satellite-navigation-galileo-gps-lunar-orbit/

Image: Artist's concept of Pathfinder in Lunar orbit ...

Sending Pic:203x154C;





This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK64

Please send your reception report to radiogram@verizon.net

 

This week's images ...


Detail of the art installation "Zeitfeld" (time field) by German
artist Klaus Rinke, in Duesseldorf. Clocks in Germany change to
summer time on 28 March. https://bit.ly/3fdjcJ4 ...

Sending Pic:166x204C;

Foggy morning fishing in Myanmar, from the Sony World Photography
Awards. https://bit.ly/3cjDkXS ...

Sending Pic:176x346;



 

"Electric Storm on Lavender" (Spain), from the Sony World
Photography Awards. https://bit.ly/3cjDkXS ...

Sending Pic:231x102C;
 

This sunset photo from Shropshire, England, required much
planning (and luck). https://bbc.in/3slAaZr ...

Sending Pic:209x132C;

Golden crocuses in Inverness, Scotland. https://bbc.in/3clptAv
...

Sending Pic:163x195C;






The "blue hour" before sunrise in New Jersey.
https://bit.ly/3rmfa3d ...

Sending Pic:200x174C;
 

Sunrise from Assateague Island, Virginia. https://bit.ly/2P9TrhQ
...

Sending Pic:164x204C;

Our painting of the week is "Bushes in Spring" (1925) by Paul
Klee.https://bit.ly/2OXTc9R ...

Sending Pic:210x116C;




Shortwave Radiogram returns to MFSK32 ...


 

RSID: <<2021-03-25T23:57Z MFSK-32 @ 9265000+1500>>

This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK32 ...

 

Shortwave Radiogram is transmitted by:

WRMI, Radio Miami International, wrmi.net

and

WINB Shortwave, winb.com


Please send reception reports to radiogram@verizon.net

And visit http://swradiogram.net

Twitter: @SWRadiogram or twitter.com/swradiogram

I'm Kim Elliott. Please join us for the next Shortwave
Radiogram.

RSID: <<2021-03-25T23:58Z OL 32-2K @ 9265000+1500>>


Thank you for decoding the modes on Shortwave Radiogram.