http://www.rhci-online.net/radiogram/radiogram.htm

  https://github.com/GyanD/codexffmpeg/releases/tag/2023-03-05-git-912ac82a3c

RSID: <<2024-02-23T00:31Z MFSK-32 @ 9265000+1500>>

 

Welcome to program 343 of Shortwave Radiogram.

I'm Kim Andrew Elliott in Arlington, Virginia USA.

Here is the lineup for today's program, in MFSK modes as noted:

  1:44 MFSK32: Program preview (now)
  2:52 MFSK32: Use of decimal point is older than thought
  6:30 MFSK64: Russia labels RFE/RL "undesirable organization"*
10:11 MFSK64: This week's images*
27:56 MFSK32: Closing announcements

* with image(s)


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From Phys.org

Use of decimal point is 1.5 centuries older than historians
thought

by Bob Yirka
February 20, 2024

A mathematical historian at Trinity Wester University in Canada,
has found use of a decimal point by a Venetian merchant 150 years
before its first known use by German mathematician Christopher
Clavius. In his paper published in the journal Historia
Mathematica, Glen Van Brummelen describes how he found the
evidence of decimal use in a volume called "Tabulae," and its
significance to the history of mathematics.

The invention of the decimal point led to the development of the
decimal system, and that in turn made it easier for people
working in multiple fields to calculate non-whole numbers
(fractions) as easily as whole numbers. Prior to this new
discovery, the earliest known use of the decimal point was by
Christopher Clavius as he was creating astronomical tables—the
resulting work was published in 1593.

The new discovery was made in a part of a manuscript written by
Giovanni Bianchini in the 1440s. Van Brummelen was discussing a
section of trigonometric tables with a colleague when he noticed
some of the numbers included a dot in the middle. One example was
10.4, which Bianchini then multiplied by 8 in the same way as is
done with modern mathematics. The finding shows that a decimal
point to represent non-whole numbers occurred approximately 150
years earlier than previously thought by math historians.

Giovanni Bianchini worked as a merchant in Venice for many years
before being appointed to an administrative role with a major
estate owned by the powerful d'Este family. In this role, he also
managed assets and investments, giving him a strong background in
mathematics. He also published astronomy texts, demonstrating his
ability to plot planetary motion and to predict when an eclipse
would occur.

The finding suggests that Bianchini played a more important role
in the development of math fundamentals than previously known.
Van Brummelen notes that, as a merchant, Bianchini would have
traveled extensively, including to places in the Islamic world,
where math concepts were being developed, possibly influencing
his use of non-whole numbers and ways to represent them more
easily.

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-decimal-centuries-older-historians-thought.html
 

Shortwave Radiogram now changes to MFSK64 ...



 

RSID: <<2024-02-23T00:36Z MFSK-64 @ 9265000+1500>>

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From the Voice of America:

Russia Labels RFE/RL 'Undesirable Organization'

Liam Scott
February 20, 2024

WASHINGTON —

The Russian government on Tuesday labeled VOA's sister outlet
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty as an "undesirable organization"
in a move that underscores the Kremlin's harsh repression of
media.

The new designation opens RFE/RL staffers, donors and sources to
criminal charges, the Prague-based outlet reported.

The outlet was added to a registry of "undesirable organizations"
maintained by Russia's Ministry of Justice, becoming the 142nd
organization to be labeled that way.

RFE/RL President Stephen Capus said the designation "is just the
latest example of how the Russian government views truthful
reporting as an existential threat."

"Millions of Russians have relied on us for decades — including
record-breaking audiences over the past few days since the death
of Aleksei Navalny — and this attempt to stifle us will only make
RFE/RL work harder to bring free and independent journalism to
the Russian people," Capus said in a statement.

Russia's Washington embassy did not immediately reply to a VOA
email requesting comment.

Russia's "undesirable organization" law was adopted in 2015.
Dozens of media organizations have been labeled as "undesirable"
since 2021, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists.
Among them are Meduza, Novaya Gazeta Europe and Bellingcat.

Moscow has targeted RFE/RL for years.

In 2017, Russian authorities labeled the outlet a so-called
"foreign agent." Since then, RFE/RL has refused to pay multiple
fines totaling more than $14 million for not complying with the
law.

The foreign agent law came into effect in 2012, and since then it
has been used to target groups and individuals critical of the
Kremlin. Russia has declared VOA a "foreign agent" as well.

More than 30 RFE/RL employees have also been listed as "foreign
agents."

RFE/RL journalist Alsu Kurmasheva has been jailed in Russia since
October 2023 on charges of failing to register as a so-called
"foreign agent."

A dual U.S.-Russian national, Kurmasheva traveled to Russia in
May 2023 for a family emergency. When she tried to leave the
country in June, her passports were confiscated. She was detained
while waiting for them to be returned.

In addition to the foreign agent charge, Kurmasheva is also
facing accusations of spreading false information about the
Russian army. If convicted, she faces a combined sentence of up
to 15 years in prison.

Kurmasheva and her employer reject the charges against her.

https://www.voanews.com/a/russia-labels-rfe-rl-undesirable-organization-/7495416.html
 

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This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK64

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This week's images ...
 

Tourists release sky lanterns during the Pingxi Lantern Festival in New Taipei City on February 17, 2024

https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2024/02/photos-of-the-week-hungry-fox-plum-blossoms-snow-rally/677537/

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A dome house covered with snow in the Black Sea region of Turkey,
February 7. http://tinyurl.com/29zs4wab ...

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A participant in the lemon festival in Menton, France.
http://tinyurl.com/299hroec ...

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Crew team at sunset, Riley's Lock, Potomac, Maryland, February
20. http://tinyurl.com/27w3f92c ...

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A New York, Susquehanna & Western Railway locomotive at Deposit,
New York, January 10. http://tinyurl.com/25h7hyje ...

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Crocuses on the banks of the Potomac River, with the Washington
Monumnet in the background. http://tinyurl.com/2cl6nh6r ...

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The University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, which conducts
full-moon snowshoe hikes. http://tinyurl.com/23l8e9vq ...

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Snow in Olney, Maryland, near Washington DC, February 17. It
quickly melted. http://tinyurl.com/2bxc6sqt ...

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An early spring almond blossom (Prunus dulcis 'Robijn') at the
University of Oxford Botanic Garden and Arboretum.
http://tinyurl.com/26kzqcxu ...

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Our painting of the week is "Northern Lights" (2015) by Chris
Cyprus (British, b.1971). http://tinyurl.com/28kln5x3 ...

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I'm Kim Elliott. Please join us for the next Shortwave
Radiogram.


 

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