SWRadioGram #443

RSID: <<2026-04-02T23:31Z MFSK-32 @ 9265000+1500>>
.
.
.
.

Welcome to program 443 of Shortwave Radiogram.

I'm Kim Andrew Elliott in Arlington, Virginia USA.

Here is the lineup for today's program, in MFSK modes as noted:

1:38 MFSK32: Program preview (now)
2:48 MFSK32: Finland transitions to summer speed limits
6:35 MFSK64: How solar wind really works
10:29 MFSK64: This week's images
28:34 MFSK32: Closing announcements

.
.
.
.
.

From YLE Finland:

Finland transitions to summer speed limits

Many of those hitting the road over the Easter holiday will
be doing so at higher speed limits.

1 April 2026

Summer speed limits are gradually coming back into force.

Over Easter, much of Finland's road traffic will be driving at
summer speed limits.

Starting 1 April, highways in southern Finland will begin the
shift to summer speeds, while northern Finland and Lapland will
follow next Wednesday.

The change means that speed limits of 80/100 kilometres per hour
will be raised to 100/120 km/h.

Despite the switch, the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency
has reminded drivers to account for potentially variable spring
weather and road conditions.

https://yle.fi/a/74-20218566
.
.
.
.
.

Image: An adjustable speed limit sign in Finland ...

Sending Pic:196x135C;

.
.
.
.
.

And now, in Finnish, about YLE:

Yle pähkinänkuoressa

Ylen tulee tarjota sisältönsä jokaisen saataville yhtäläisin
ehdoin. Tämä tarkoittaa, että Ylen ohjelmat ja sisällöt ovat
televisiossa, radiossa ja verkossa kaikkien suomalaisten
saatavilla iästä, sukupuolesta, varallisuudesta ja asuinpaikasta
riippumatta.

https://yle.fi/aihe/a/20-10006621

RSID: <<2026-04-02T23:36Z MFSK-64 @ 9265000+1500>>.
.
.
.
.

This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK64

Please send your reception report to radiogram@verizon.net

From Phys.org:

How the solar wind really works

by Mark Thompson, Universe Today
March 30, 2026

The sun, our nearest star, never stops breathing. Every second of
every day, it exhales a vast stream of charged particles that
sweeps outward through the solar system at hundreds of kilometers
per second. We call it the solar wind, and while that name
conjures something gentle and constant, the reality is
considerably more turbulent.

Buried within the solar wind are waves. Not ocean waves or sound
waves, but plasma waves, ripples of energy moving through a sea
of charged particles. According to new research from Ph.D.
student Jordi Boldú at the Swedish Institute of Space Physics and
Uppsala University, those waves play a far bigger role in shaping
our space environment than most people realize.

To investigate, Boldú used data from Solar Orbiter, the European
Space Agency's sun-watching spacecraft. It's an extraordinary
vantage point with the Solar Orbiter dipping closer to the sun
than the orbit of Mercury, granting a front-row seat to the solar
wind at an earlier stage of its journey than was ever previously
possible. What happens that close to the source tells a different
story from what we detect near Earth, and that difference
matters.

The research focused particularly on high-frequency electrostatic
waves, specifically Langmuir waves and ion acoustic waves. The
behavior of these waves is governed by a process called
resonance. Only particles moving at precisely the right speed can
sync with a passing wave, and when they do, energy transfers
between them. It's not unlike the way a wine glass shatters if
you hit exactly the right note, the physics may be different, but
the principle of matching frequencies is the same.

What this means is that plasma waves are constantly
redistributing energy within the solar wind as it travels
outward. They're not passive bystanders to the process, they're
active participants, shaping how the solar wind evolves across
the vast distances between the sun and the planets. All of this
has an impact on us down here on Earth. The solar wind directly
influences the geomagnetic storms that can disrupt satellites,
power grids, and communications on our home planet. It also
drives the acceleration of high-energy particles and shapes the
shock waves that form when the solar wind collides with planetary
magnetic fields. Knowing how and where energy is redistributed in
that outflowing plasma is essential for understanding all of
those phenomena.

Using orbiting observatories like Solar Orbiter is giving
scientists a way to unpick these processes near their origin.
Catching the solar wind young, before it has had time to evolve
and complicate its story, makes it considerably easier to trace
cause and effect.

https://phys.org/news/2026-03-solar.html
.
.
.
.
.

Image: Artist's depiction of Solar Orbiter orbiting the sun ...

Sending Pic:197x126C;

.
.
.
.
.

This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK64

Please send your reception report to radiogram@verizon.net

This week's images ...
.
.
.
.
.

The northern lights seen from Beinn a'Chrulaiste in Scotland.
tinyurl.com/27yu94wx ...

Sending Pic:212x119C;

.
.
.
.
.

A ringneck parrot flies with a piece of wheat near in Prayagraj,
Uttar Pradesh, India. tinyurl.com/22o6uo3q ...

Sending Pic:198x126C;

.
.
.
.
.

Finlandia Sweets (1952) by Finnish color photography pioneer
Claire Aho. tinyurl.com/2bpfto74 ...

Sending Pic:198x134C;

.
.
.
.
.

A nasturtium blooms in suburban Placentia, California.
tinyurl.com/284nnlqa ...

Sending Pic:198x140C;

.
.
.
.
.

Jinling's photo of tulips (and weeds) along the Elliott driveway
...
Sending Pic:149x200C;

.
.
.
.
.

The Black Bridge trestle at Brunswick, Maine.
tinyurl.com/2bpn4e6w ...

Sending Pic:229x304;

.
.
.
.
.

Faceted teabowl by Michigan potter Ben Chamberlain (1975-2021).
tinyurl.com/23ngovtl ...

Sending Pic:201x130C;

.
.
.
.
.

Late-March Redwood Violet under Coast Redwoods at Sonoma Coast
State Park, California. tinyurl.com/2dkqp7m2 ...

Sending Pic:152x195C;

.
.
.
.
.

A purple crocus in Maudslay State Park, Massachusetts.
tinyurl.com/2cth8773 ...

Sending Pic:130x197C;

.
.
.
.
.

Seagull in Scotland unimpressed by Do Not Feed sign.
tinyurl.com/27yu94wx ...

Sending Pic:145x201C;

.
.
.
.
.

Our painting of the week is an untitled pastel on paper (1979) by
Joan Mitchell (USA, 1925-1992). tinyurl.com/289zdodu ...

Sending Pic:143x211C;

.
.
.
.
.

Shortwave Radiogram returns to MFSK32 ...

This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK32 ...

Transmission of Shortwave Radiogram is provided by:

WRMI, Radio Miami International, http://wrmi.net

and

WINB Shortwave, http://winb.com

Please send reception reports to radiogram@verizon.net

And visit http://swradiogram.net

http://swradiogram.bsky.social

X/Twitter (for now): @SWRadiogram

I'm Kim Elliott. Please join us for the next Shortwave
Radiogram.

♫
♫
♫
♫

McKinley Morganfield, aka Muddy Waters, was born on April 4, 1913.
He died in 1983.

Sending Pic:195x230;

<@GOFREQ:512> [PSK500R]

Popularity of the bicycle in the Netherlands is the result of a unique confluence of historical, geographical, and cultural factors:

Historical Development

The first balance bikes appeared in the Netherlands as early as 1817. In the 1890s, the 'safety bicycle' with equal wheels arrived, making the bicycle safer and more practical for both men and women. This played an important role in
the emancipation of women, as the bicycle gave women more freedom and mobility.

Geographical Factors

The Netherlands is naturally ideal for cycling:

Flat terrain - no steep slopes

Compact land area - short distances between destinations

Urban structure - many people live close together

And that there was the Oil Crisis of the 1970s, which played a major role.

This was a crucial moment. While car use increased sharply in many other countries after World War II, the oil crisis in the Netherlands placed the emphasis on fuel conservation and alternative mobility. As a result, the bicycle
became more important again.

Government Policy and Infrastructure

Since the 1970s, the Dutch government has systematically invested in:

Wide, separated cycle paths
Safe intersections
Extensive networks of cycle routes
Cycle-friendly urban planning

Culture and Norms

In the Netherlands, cycling is viewed as:

A normal means of transport (not just recreational)
Healthy
Environmentally friendly
Practical for commuting

According to sociologist Gertjan Hulster, maker of the documentary Why we cycle, it is a combination of all these factors that has led to one of the highest bicycle usage rates in the world.

Interesting detail: Dutch cycling culture is so deeply rooted that for most Dutch people, cycling is something you "cannot unlearn"—it is literally ingrained!

Ja, der Text wirkt stark nach KI-generiertem Artikel (typisch für Tools wie ChatGPT, Grok oder ähnliche Modelle). Er ist inhaltlich größtenteils korrekt und gut strukturiert, aber es gibt typische KI-Merkmale und einige kleinere Ungenauigkeiten oder Vereinfachungen.

Was stimmt gut?

Geographische Faktoren: Völlig richtig. Das flache Terrain, die kompakten Distanzen und die dichte Besiedlung machen die Niederlande ideal fürs Radfahren.
Ölkrise der 1970er: Ja, das war ein wichtiger Wendepunkt. Die Ölkrise 1973 (mit autofreien Sonntagen in den Niederlanden) und die steigende Zahl von Verkehrstoten (besonders Kinder) haben zu einer Gegenbewegung geführt. Proteste wie „Stop de Kindermoord“ („Stoppt den Kindermord“) spielten dabei eine große Rolle.
Regierungspolitik seit den 1970er Jahren: Korrekte Beschreibung. Ab den 1970er/80er Jahren wurde massiv in getrennte Radwege, sichere Kreuzungen und fahrradfreundliche Stadtplanung investiert. Das hat sich bis heute fortgesetzt.
Kulturelle Aspekte: Radfahren gilt in den Niederlanden tatsächlich als normales Alltagsverkehrsmittel (nicht nur Freizeit), als gesund und umweltfreundlich. Die hohe Nutzungsrate (oft über 25–30 % der Wege) ist weltweit Spitze.
Dokumentarfilm „Why We Cycle“: Existiert wirklich (2017/2020). Gertjan Hulster ist einer der Regisseure und Soziologe – er hat am Film mitgewirkt, der genau diese Kombination aus Faktoren beleuchtet.

Was ist ungenau oder typisch KI?

„First balance bikes appeared in the Netherlands as early as 1817“: Das ist falsch bzw. irreführend. Die erste Laufmaschine (balance bike ohne Pedale, auch Draisine genannt) wurde 1817 von Karl von Drais in Deutschland (Mannheim) erfunden und vorgeführt. Sie hat nichts speziell mit den Niederlanden zu tun. In den Niederlanden gab es natürlich frühe Räder, aber der Text verschiebt die Erfindung fälschlich dorthin.
Safety Bicycle in den 1890er Jahren und Frauenemanzipation: Grundsätzlich richtig – das Sicherheitsrad (gleich große Räder) machte das Radfahren sicherer und populärer, auch für Frauen, und trug weltweit zur Emanzipation bei (berühmtes Zitat von Susan B. Anthony). Aber das war ein internationales Phänomen, nicht speziell niederländisch betont.
„Cycling is something you cannot unlearn — it is literally ingrained“: Klingt poetisch und passt zur niederländischen Kultur (viele Niederländer lernen Radfahren schon als Kleinkind und behalten es lebenslang). Der genaue Wortlaut wirkt aber wie eine KI-Floskel – ich habe keine direkte Quelle für dieses Zitat gefunden, es fühlt sich eher erfunden oder stark zugespitzt an.
Gesamtton: Sehr ausgewogen, positiv, strukturiert mit Überschriften – typisch für KI-Texte, die „ausgewogene, informative Artikel“ produzieren sollen. Keine starke persönliche Meinung, keine tiefen Quellenangaben, leichte Übertreibungen bei der „Einzigartigkeit“.

Fazit

Der Text ist keine grobe Fälschung, sondern eine solide Zusammenfassung der gängigen Erklärungen für die niederländische Fahrradkultur. Er kombiniert reale historische, geographische und politische Faktoren (flaches Land + Ölkrise + Proteste + Infrastrukturinvestitionen + Alltagskultur). Allerdings hat er typische KI-Schwächen: kleine faktische Ungenauigkeiten (z. B. beim Jahr 1817), vereinfachende Formulierungen und eine etwas glatte, „perfekte“ Erzählung ohne echte Quellen oder Nuancen.

Solche Texte entstehen oft, wenn man eine KI bittet: „Schreibe einen informativen Artikel über die Popularität des Fahrrads in den Niederlanden.“ Der Autor hat dann diesen wahrscheinlich nur leicht nachbearbeitet.