www.rhci-online.net/radiogram/radiogram.htm
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Welcome to program 32 of VOA Radiogram from the Voice of America.
I'm Kim Andrew Elliott in Washington.
Here is the lineup for today's program:
2:55 MFSK16: Program preview (now)
4:35 MFSK32: Radio France International memorial and logo
1:30 MFSK64: VOA News re SR-32 airplane ===>VoA Radiogram #32 ......... ;-).........."72"
1:53 MFSK64L: Same VOA News story
3:36 MFSK32/64: Artist's conception of SR-32
:38 MFSK32: E-mail address
2:17 Thor100: VOA News re earth-sized planets
1:48 MFSK128: Same VOA News story
2:10 MFSK128L: Same VOA News story
1:44 MFSK32 image: Artist's conception of planet Kepler 78b
1:48 MFSK32: Closing announcements/VOA Radiogram logo (500x44)
Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com
And visit voaradiogram.net
Twitter: @VOARadiogram
VOA Radiogram now changes to MFSK32...
<EOT>
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This is VOA Radiogram in MFSK32...
Radio France Internationale pays tribute to murdered journalists
Ghislaine Dupont and Claude Verlon
By RFI
5 November 2013
Staff at Radio France Internationale remained silent for one
minute just after 12.30 pm on Tuesday in honour of Ghislaine
Dupont and Claude Verlon, the journalist and sound technician who
were killed in Kidal in northern Mali on Saturday.
The management of RFI, as well as close colleagues who were
working elsewhere in Mali on Saturday, spoke movingly to a sombre
gathering at RFI headquarters just outside Paris, of the moments
immediately before and after they heard the news.
One of Claude Verlon's former colleagues described how the Malian
president was on two occasions moved to tears while talking of
the murders.
Members of the Malian government had paid homage to the French
journalists at Bamako airport on Monday evening, before the plane
carrying their bodies left for Paris.
President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita had referred to Dupont, who had
worked as a correspondent in Africa for many years, as "his own
daughter."
On Sunday evening, hundreds of journalists had marched in silence
through the streets of Bamako to pay their respects to the two
RFI reporters.
"We organised this silent march to say 'never again' - the
perpetrators of this crime must be punished," said Makan Kone,
president of the capital's media association, the Bamako Press
House.
MPs in the French lower House of Parliament also observed a
minute's silence just after 3 o'clock.
Ghislaine Dupont, 57, and Claude Verlon, 55, were kidnapped and
killed outside Kidal in northeastern Mali on Saturday, just after
conducting an interview with a Tuareg leader.
Al Qaeda claims RFI journalists' murder
By RFI
6 November 2013
Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb has claimed responsibility for
last weekend's murder of RFI's Ghislaine Dupont and Claude Veron,
according to Mauritanian website Sahara Medias. The killings were
a reprisal for the French offensive in northern Mali, the group
said.
MFSK32 image follows: RFI special logo to mark the loss of its
two colleagues...
<EOT>
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<EOT>
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This is VOA Radiogram from the Voice of America.
VOA Radiogram continues its experiments with the new
long-interleave MFSK modes.
Next will be a VOA News story in MFSK64, followed by the same
story in MFSK64L...
<EOT>
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Hypersonic Plane on the Drawing Board
VOA News November 04, 2013
The successor to the world's fastest plane is in the works, according to Lockheed Martin.
The hypersonic SR-72, when operational, could boast speeds up to Mach 6, six times the speed of sound, and double the speed of the now-retired SR-71 Blackbird, which has held the speed record since 1976.
In a statement, Lockheed Martin said the "son of Blackbird" would be so fast that "an adversary would have no time to react or hide." The plane is likely to be unmanned.
"Hypersonic aircraft, coupled with hypersonic missiles, could penetrate denied airspace and strike at nearly any location across a continent in less than an hour," said Brad Leland, Lockheed Martin program manager, Hypersonics. "Speed is the next aviation advancement to counter emerging threats in the next several decades.
Many of the advancements planned for the SR-72 come from the rocket-launched Falcon Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2 (HTV-2) developed by Lockheed Martin and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
The HTV-2 research and development project was designed to collect data on the technical challenges of hypersonic flight: aerodynamics, aerothermal effects, and guidance, navigation and control.
The SR-72's design incorporates lessons learned from the HTV-2, which flew to a top speed of Mach 20, or 13,000 mph, with a surface temperature of 3500°F.
The company said the SR-72 could be operational by 2030.
Next on VOA Radiogram, the same VOA News story in MFSK64L...
<EOT> |
This is VOA Radiogram in MFSK64L...
Hypersonic Plane on the Drawing Board
VOA News November 04, 2013
The successor to the world's fastest plane is in the works, according to Lockheed Martin.
The hypersonic SR-72, when operational, could boast speeds up to Mach 6, six times the speed of sound, and double the speed of the now-retired SR-71 Blackbird, which has held the speed record since 1976.
In a statement, Lockheed Martin said the "son of Blackbird" would be so fast that "an adversary would have no time to react or hide." The plane is likely to be unmanned.
"Hypersonic aircraft, coupled with hypersonic missiles, could penetrate denied airspace and strike at nearly any location across a continent in less than an hour," said Brad Leland, Lockheed Martin program manager, Hypersonics. "Speed is the next aviation advancement to counter emerging threats in the next several decades.
Many of the advancements planned for the SR-72 come from the rocket-launched Falcon Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2 (HTV-2) developed by Lockheed Martin and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
The HTV-2 research and development project was designed to collect data on the technical challenges of hypersonic flight: aerodynamics, aerothermal effects, and guidance, navigation and control.
The SR-72's design incorporates lessons learned from the HTV-2, which flew to a top speed of Mach 20, or 13,000 mph, with a surface temperature of 3500°F.
The company said the SR-72 could be operational by 2030.
VOA Radiogram now changes to MFSK32 . . .
<EOT> |
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This is VOA Radiogram in MFSK32.
Next, an image with the caption: The SR-72, as seen in this
artist's conception, could fly up to six times the speed of
sound. (Lockheed Martin).
It will be transmitted in MFSK32, then again in MFSK64...
<EOT>
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<EOT>
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<EOT>
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VOA Radiogram now changes to MFSK32...
<EOT>
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This is VOA Radiogram in MFSK32...
Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com
And visit voaradiogram.net
Twitter: @VOARadiogram
VOA Radiogram will now transmit the same VOA News story in three
modes: Thor100, MFSK128, and MFSK128L.
Now changing to Thor100...
<EOT>
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This is VOA Radiogram in Thor100...
VOA NEWS
Study Finds Billions of Earth-like Planets
Rick Pantaleo November 05, 2013
Astronomers from the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Hawaii, Manoa say that based on new analysis of Kepler spacecraft data, one in five stars similar to our own sun are orbited by planets about the size of Earth, with a surface temperature that would be favorable to support life.
"What this means is, when you look up at the thousands of stars in the night sky, the nearest sun-like star with an Earth-size planet in its habitable zone is probably only 12 light years away and can be seen with the naked eye," said UC Berkeley graduate student Erik Petigura, who led the analysis of the Kepler data. "That is amazing."
Petigura, along with his colleagues Geoffrey Marcy from UC Berkeley and Andrew Howard from the University of Hawaii, have had their analysis published online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The researchers point out that just because an exoplanet is Earth-sized or is in an Earth-sized orbit does not automatically mean that it can to support life, even if their orbits are within a star's habitable zone, where temperatures are not too hot or too cold.
"Some may have thick atmospheres, making it so hot at the surface that DNA-like molecules would not survive," Marcy said. "Others may have rocky surfaces that could harbor liquid water suitable for living organisms. We don't know what range of planet types and their environments are suitable for life."
Last week Marcy, Howard and their colleagues made news when they announced that they found Kepler-78b, an Earth-sized exoplanet with the same density and a core made up of the same mixture of rock and iron as our own planet.
But since it orbits so close to its star, this newly-discovered rocky planet has a blazing surface temperature of about 2,200 degrees Kelvin, which is far too hot to support life as we know it.
The team focused on 42,000 stars that are like the sun or slightly cooler and smaller. Among those stars, the researchers said they found 603 candidate planets orbiting them. Of these candidate exoplanets, only 10 were Earth-sized, meaning that they were about one to two times the diameter of Earth and orbiting their star at a distance that would provide life supporting temperatures.
To find how many other Earth-sized planets residing in habitable zones they missed in their search, the researchers put planet-finding algorithms devised by Petigura through a number of tests. In these tests, Petigura actually threw in some fake planets into the actual Kepler data to find out which planets his software could detect and which it couldn't.
"What we're doing is taking a census of extrasolar planets, but we can't knock on every door. Only after injecting these fake planets and measuring how many we actually found, could we really pin down the number of real planets that we missed," Petigura said.
Taking several factors into consideration, such these missing planets, and that only a small number of Earth-like exoplanets are situated in such way that they can be seen transiting in front of their host stars from Earth, the team estimated that 22 percent of all sun-like stars in the galaxy have Earth-size planets in their habitable zones.
"Until now, no one knew exactly how common potentially habitable planets were around Sun-like stars in the galaxy," said Marcy.
Although they found all of the possibly habitable planets circling around cooler K stars, or Orange Dwarfs, which are somewhat smaller than our sun, the researchers said that the results of their analysis could also be inferred to G stars like the sun.
The researchers speculated that if the Kepler spacecraft hadn't been crippled by technical malfunctions this past spring and was able to fully continue its research mission, it would have been able to gather enough data to directly detect some Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of G-type stars.
This new, more thorough analysis of Kepler data made by the researchers shows that "nature makes about as many planets in hospitable orbits as in close-in orbits," said Howard.
VOA Radiogram now changes to MFSK128...
<EOT> |
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This is VOA Radiogram in MFSK128...
VOA NEWS
Study Finds Billions of Earth-like Planets
Rick Pantaleo November 05, 2013
Astronomers from the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Hawaii, Manoa say that based on new analysis of Kepler spacecraft data, one in five stars similar to our own sun are orbited by planets about the size of Earth, with a surface temperature that would be favorable to support life.
"What this means is, when you look up at the thousands of stars in the night sky, the nearest sun-like star with an Earth-size planet in its habitable zone is probably only 12 light years away and can be seen with the naked eye," said UC Berkeley graduate student Erik Petigura, who led the analysis of the Kepler data. "That is amazing."
Petigura, along with his colleagues Geoffrey Marcy from UC Berkeley and Andrew Howard from the University of Hawaii, have had their analysis published online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The researchers point out that just because an exoplanet is Earth-sized or is in an Earth-sized orbit does not automatically mean that it can to support life, even if their orbits are within a star's habitable zone, where temperatures are not too hot or too cold.
"Some may have thick atmospheres, making it so hot at the surface that DNA-like molecules would not survive," Marcy said. "Others may have rocky surfaces that could harbor liquid water suitable for living organisms. We don't know what range of planet types and their environments are suitable for life."
Last week Marcy, Howard and their colleagues made news when they announced that they found Kepler-78b, an Earth-sized exoplanet with the same density and a core made up of the same mixture of rock and iron as our own planet.
But since it orbits so close to its star, this newly-discovered rocky planet has a blazing surface temperature of about 2,200 degrees Kelvin, which is far too hot to support life as we know it.
The team focused on 42,000 stars that are like the sun or slightly cooler and smaller. Among those stars, the researchers said they found 603 candidate planets orbiting them. Of these candidate exoplanets, only 10 were Earth-sized, meaning that they were about one to two times the diameter of Earth and orbiting their star at a distance that would provide life supporting temperatures.
To find how many other Earth-sized planets residing in habitable zones they missed in their search, the researchers put planet-finding algorithms devised by Petigura through a number of tests. In these tests, Petigura actually threw in some fake planets into the actual Kepler data to find out which planets his software could detect and which it couldn't.
"What we're doing is taking a census of extrasolar planets, but we can't knock on every door. Only after injecting these fake planets and measuring how many we actually found, could we really pin down the number of real planets that we missed," Petigura said.
Taking several factors into consideration, such these missing planets, and that only a small number of Earth-like exoplanets are situated in such way that they can be seen transiting in front of their host stars from Earth, the team estimated that 22 percent of all sun-like stars in the galaxy have Earth-size planets in their habitable zones.
"Until now, no one knew exactly how common potentially habitable planets were around Sun-like stars in the galaxy," said Marcy.
Although they found all of the possibly habitable planets circling around cooler K stars, or Orange Dwarfs, which are somewhat smaller than our sun, the researchers said that the results of their analysis could also be inferred to G stars like the sun.
The researchers speculated that if the Kepler spacecraft hadn't been crippled by technical malfunctions this past spring and was able to fully continue its research mission, it would have been able to gather enough data to directly detect some Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of G-type stars.
This new, more thorough analysis of Kepler data made by the researchers shows that "nature makes about as many planets in hospitable orbits as in close-in orbits," said Howard.
VOA Radiogram now changes to MFSK128L...
<EOT> |
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This is VOA Radiogram in MFSK128L
VOA NEWS
Study Finds Billions of Earth-like Planets
Rick Pantaleo November 05, 2013
Astronomers from the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Hawaii, Manoa say that based on new analysis of Kepler spacecraft data, one in five stars similar to our own sun are orbited by planets about the size of Earth, with a surface temperature that would be favorable to support life.
"What this means is, when you look up at the thousands of stars in the night sky, the nearest sun-like star with an Earth-size planet in its habitable zone is probably only 12 light years away and can be seen with the naked eye," said UC Berkeley graduate student Erik Petigura, who led the analysis of the Kepler data. "That is amazing."
Petigura, along with his colleagues Geoffrey Marcy from UC Berkeley and Andrew Howard from the University of Hawaii, have had their analysis published online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The researchers point out that just because an exoplanet is Earth-sized or is in an Earth-sized orbit does not automatically mean that it can to support life, even if their orbits are within a star's habitable zone, where temperatures are not too hot or too cold.
"Some may have thick atmospheres, making it so hot at the surface that DNA-like molecules would not survive," Marcy said. "Others may have rocky surfaces that could harbor liquid water suitable for living organisms. We don't know what range of planet types and their environments are suitable for life."
Last week Marcy, Howard and their colleagues made news when they announced that they found Kepler-78b, an Earth-sized exoplanet with the same density and a core made up of the same mixture of rock and iron as our own planet.
But since it orbits so close to its star, this newly-discovered rocky planet has a blazing surface temperature of about 2,200 degrees Kelvin, which is far too hot to support life as we know it.
The team focused on 42,000 stars that are like the sun or slightly cooler and smaller. Among those stars, the researchers said they found 603 candidate planets orbiting them. Of these candidate exoplanets, only 10 were Earth-sized, meaning that they were about one to two times the diameter of Earth and orbiting their star at a distance that would provide life supporting temperatures.
To find how many other Earth-sized planets residing in habitable zones they missed in their search, the researchers put planet-finding algorithms devised by Petigura through a number of tests. In these tests, Petigura actually threw in some fake planets into the actual Kepler data to find out which planets his software could detect and which it couldn't.
"What we're doing is taking a census of extrasolar planets, but we can't knock on every door. Only after injecting these fake planets and measuring how many we actually found, could we really pin down the number of real planets that we missed," Petigura said.
Taking several factors into consideration, such these missing planets, and that only a small number of Earth-like exoplanets are situated in such way that they can be seen transiting in front of their host stars from Earth, the team estimated that 22 percent of all sun-like stars in the galaxy have Earth-size planets in their habitable zones.
"Until now, no one knew exactly how common potentially habitable planets were around Sun-like stars in the galaxy," said Marcy.
Although they found all of the possibly habitable planets circling around cooler K stars, or Orange Dwarfs, which are somewhat smaller than our sun, the researchers said that the results of their analysis could also be inferred to G stars like the sun.
The researchers speculated that if the Kepler spacecraft hadn't been crippled by technical malfunctions this past spring and was able to fully continue its research mission, it would have been able to gather enough data to directly detect some Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of G-type stars.
This new, more thorough analysis of Kepler data made by the researchers shows that "nature makes about as many planets in hospitable orbits as in close-in orbits," said Howard. . . .
<EOT> |
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This is VOA Radiogram in Thor100...
VOA NEWS
Study Finds Billions of Earth-like Planets
Rick Pantaleo November 05, 2013
Astronomers from the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Hawaii, Manoa say that based on new analysis of Kepler sraft data, one in five stars similar to our own sun are orbited by planets about the size of Earth, with a surface temperature that would be favorable to support life.
"What this means is, when you look up at the thousands of stars in the night sky, the nearest sun-like star with an Earth-size planet in its habitable zone is probably only 12 light years away and can be seen with the naked eye," said UC Berkeley graduate student Erik Petigura, who led the analysis of the Kepler data. "That is amazing."
Petigura, along with his colleagues Geoffrey Marcy from UC Berkeley and Andrew Howard from the University of Hawaii, have had their analysis published online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The researchers point out that just because an exoplanet is Earth-sized or is in an Earth-sized orbit does not automatically mean that it can to support life, even if their orbits are within a star's habitable zone, where temperatures are not too hot or too cold.
"Some may have thick atmospheres, making it so hot at the surface that DNA-like molecules would not survive," Marcy said. "Others may have rocky surfaces that could harbor liquid water suitable for living organisms. We don't know what range of planet types and their environments are suitahisr life."
Last week Marcy, Howard and their colleagues made news when they announced that they found Kepler-78b, an Earth-sized exoplanet with the same density and a core made up of the same mixture of rock and iron as our own planet.
But since it orbits so close to its star, this newly-discovered rocky planet has a böhj surface tempwt LVti ot5ïe½ ttlZrDals Kelvin, which is far too hot to support life as we know it.
The team focused on 42,000 stars that are like the sun or slightly cooler and smaller. Among those stars, the researchers said they found 603 candidate planets orbiting them. Of these candxdLopets, tdMn eu vxiseonLJcrl te k^ïi½tepe were about one to two times the diameter of Earth and orbiting their star at a distance that would provide life supporting temperatures.
To find how many other Earth-sized planets residing in habitable zones they missed in their search, the researchers put planet-finding algorithms devised by Petigura through a number of tests. In these tests, Petigura actually threw in some fake planets into ieïsl½al Kepler data to find out which planets his software could detect and which it couldn't.
"What we're doing is taking a census of extroeBp{ ot# cxm<ETX>ck on every door. Only after injecting these fake planets and measuring how macïl½6yïl½zally found, could we really pin down the number of real planets that we missed," Petigura said.
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The researchers speculated that if the Kepler spacecraft hadn't been crdh joy ayvttïl½ en hoemeïl½xpr pueïl½5 vk fully continue its research mission, it would have been able to gather enough data to directly detect some Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of G-type stars.
This new, more thorough analysis of Kepler data made by the researchers shows that "nature makes about as many planets in hospitable orbits as in close-in orbits," said Howard.
VOA Radiogram now changes to MFSK128...
<EOT>
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This is VOA Radiogram in MFSK128...
VOA NEWS
Study Finds Billions of Earth-like Planets
Rick Pantaleo November 05, 2013
Astronomers from the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Hawaii, Manoa say that based on new analysis of Kepler spacecraft data, one in five stars similar to our own sun are orbited by planets about the size of Earth, with a surface temperature that would be favorable to support life.
"What this means is, when you look up at the thousands of stars in the night sky, the nearest sun-like star with an Earth-size planet in its habitable zoïl½ett ncoitly 12 light years away and can be seen with the naked eye," said UC Berkeley graduate student Erik Petigura, who led the analysis of the Kepler data. "That is amazing."
Petigura, along with his colleagues Geoffrey Marcy from UC Berkeley and Andrew Howard from the University of Hawaii, have had their analysis published online in the journal Proceedings of the Nationïl½ ct-WnSïl½ences.
The researchers point out that just because an exoplanet is Earth-sized or is in an Earth-sized orbit does not automatically mean tbdh <trq Dtport life, even if their orbits are within a star's habitable zone, where temperatures are not too hot or too cold.
"Some may have thick atmospheres, making it so hot at the surface that DNA-like molecules would not survive," Marcy said. "Others may have rocky surfaces that could harbor liquid water suitable for living organisms. We don't know what range of planet types and their environments are suitable for life."
Last week Marcy, Howard and their colleagues made news when they announced that they found Kepler-78b, an Earth-sized exoplanet with the same density and a core made up of the same mixture of rock and iron as our ïhs qRUf U iaiïl½ince it orbits so close to its star, this newly-discovered rocky planet has a blazing surface temperature of about 2,200 degrees Kelvin, which is far too hot to support life as we know it.
The team focused on 42,000 stars that are like the sun or slightly cooler and smaller. Amou zïeqs,Kt dt <NAK>e,m)Ox they found 603 candidate planets orbiting them. Of these candidate exoplanets, only 10 were Earth-sized, meaninTïl½aeacj5were about one to two times the diameter of Earth and orbiting their star at a distance that would provide life supporting temperatures.
To find how many other Earth-sized planets residing in habitable zones they missed in their search, the researchers p Atht<ACK>n-finding algorithms devised by Petigura through a number of tests. In these tests, Petigura actually threw in some fake planets into the actual Kepler data to find out which planets his software could detect and which it couldn't.
"What we're doing is taking a census of extrasolar planets, but wBo tïl½ïl½eikk eïl½ ty door. Only after injecting these fake planets and measuring how many we actually found, could we really pin down the number of real planets that we missed," Petigura said.
Taking several factors into consideration, such these missing planets, and that only a small number of Earth-like exoplanets are situated in such way that they canïl½D : BoAzïl½] front of their host stars from Earth, the team estimated that 22 percent of all sun-like stars in the galaxy have Earth-size planets in their habitable zones.
"Until now, no one knew exactly how common potentially habitable planets were around Sun-like stars in the galaxy," said Marcy.
Although they found all of the possibly habitable planets circling around cooler K stars, or Orange Dwarfs, which are somewhat smaller than our sun, the researchers said that the results of their analysis could also be inferred to G stars like the sun.
The researchers speculated that if the Kepler spacecraft hadn't been crippled by technical malfunctions this past spring and was able to fully continue its research mission, it would have been able to gather enough data to directly detect some Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of G-type stars.
This new, more thorough analysis of Kepler data made by the researchers shows that "nature makes about as many planets in hospitable orbits as in close-in orbits," said Howard.
VOA Radiogram now changes to MFSK128L...
<EOT>
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This is VOA Radiogram in MFSK128L
VOA NEWS
Study Finds Billions of Earth-like Planets
Rick Pantaleo November 05, 2013
Astronomers from the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Hawaii, Manoa say that based on new analysis of Kepler spacecraft data, one in five stars similar to our own sun are orbited by planets about the size of Earth, with a surface temperature that would be favorable to support life.
"What this means is, when you look up at the thousands of stars in the night sky, the nearest sun-like star with an Earth-size planet in its habitable zone is probably only 12 light years away and can be seen with the naked eye," said UC Berkeley graduate student Erik Petigura, who led the analysis of the Kepler data. "That is amazing."
Petigura, along with his colleagues Geoffrey Marcy from UC Berkeley and Andrew Howard from the University of Hawaii, have had their analysis published online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The researchers point out that just because an exoplanet is Earth-sized or is in an Earth-sized orbit does not automatically mean that it can to support life, even if their orbits are within a star's habitable zone, where temperatures are not too hot or too cold.
"Some may have thick atmospheres, making it so hot at the surface that DNA-like molecules would not survive," Marcy said. "Others may have rocky surfaces that could harbor liquid water suitable for living organisms. We don't know what range of planet types and their environments are suitable for life."
Last week Marcy, Howard and their colleagues made news when they announced that they found Kepler-78b, an Earth-sized exoplanet with the same density and a core made up of the same mixture of rock and iron as our own planet.
But since it orbits so close to its star, this newly-discovered rocky planet has a blazing surface temperature of about 2,200 degrees Kelvin, which is far too hot to support life as we know it.
The team focused on 42,000 stars that are like the sun or slightly cooler and smaller. Among those stars, the researchers said they found 603 candidate planets orbiting them. Of these candidate exoplanets, only 10 were Earth-sized, meaning that they were about one to two times the diameter of Earth and orbiting their star at a distance that would provide life supporting temperatures.
To find how many other Earth-sized planets residing in habitable zones they missed in their search, the researchers put planet-finding algorithms devised by Petigura through a number of tests. In these tests, Petigura actually threw in some fake planets into the actual Kepler data to find out which planets his software could detect and which it couldn't.
"What we're doing is taking a census of extrasolar planets, but we can't knock on every door. Only after injecting these fake planets and measuring how many we actually found, could we really pin down the number of real planets that we missed," Petigura said.
Taking several factors into consideration, such these missing planets, and that only a small number of Earth-like exoplanets are situated in such way that they can be seen transiting in front of their host stars from Earth, the team estimated that 22 percent of all sun-like stars in the galaxy have Earth-size planets in their habitable zones.
"Until now, no one knew exactly how common potentially habitable planets were around Sun-like stars in the galaxy," said Marcy.
Although they found all of the possibly habitable planets circling around cooler K stars, or Orange Dwarfs, which are somewhat smaller than our sun, the researchers said that the results of their analysis could also be inferred to G stars like the sun.
The researchers speculated that if the Kepler spacecraft hadn't been crippled by technical malfunctions this past spring and was able to fully continue its research mission, it would have been able to gather enough data to directly detect some Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of G-type stars.
This new, more thoroïzfrvlysis of Kepler data made by the researchers shows that "nature makes about as many planets in hospitable orbits as in close-in orbits," said Howard. . . . .
<EOT>
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<EOT>
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<EOT>
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<EOT>
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<EOT>
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