www.rhci-online.net/radiogram/radiogram.htm

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RSID: <<2016-04-25T20:24Z OL 64-2K @ 6070000+1500>>

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Thank you for listening to DigiDX, please send reception reports to reports@digidx.uk. This is DigiDX signing off.
 

www.rhci-online.net/mp3/2016-04-25_DigigiDX10_UNID_.mp3

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                                            http://www.kbcradio.eu/

RSID: <<2016-04-24T02:22Z MFSK-32 @ 6040000+1500>>

Even squeezed to a 1-minute image, blurred by shortwave, you can
tell that this is a *multi* band radio!

Dan in Aurora, Ohio, listens to The Mighty KBC on this 1958
Zenith ...

Sending Pic:120x115C;
 

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                                                                    http://voaradiogram.net/

RSID: <<2016-04-23T16:01Z MFSK-32 @ 17580000+1500>>

Welcome to program 160 of VOA Radiogram from the Voice of
America.

I'm Kim Andrew Elliott in Washington.

Here is the lineup for today's program, all in MFSK32 except
where noted:

  1:34 Program preview (now)
  2:44 Can AC and DC power integrate?*
12:13 Radio Farda TV signal jammed in Iran*
16:38 New report finds media freedom declined globally*
26:53 Closing announcements*
28:17 Olivia 64-2000: Frequency schedule under music

* with image


Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com.

And visit voaradiogram.net.

Twitter: @VOARadiogram





VOA NEWS

Can AC and DC Power Systems Integrate?

George Putic, KI4FNF
April 19, 2016

PITTSBURGH - More than 100 years after alternating current (AC)
defeated direct current (DC) in the so-called Battle of Currents
and became the standard way electricity was delivered, new
technologies have opened up the possibility and even the
necessity for the two systems to co-exist.

In his Power Systems Lab at the University of Pittsburgh,
professor of electrical and computer engineering Gregory Reed is
exploring the most efficient ways of integrating the two
previously almost incompatible systems.

"For many, many, decades, everything we used was run off of 120
volts AC, 60 hertz," Reed pointed out. "Well, today, most of our
end-use devices, our home electronics, our data servers, our
business systems, our lighting systems now with LEDs, so much of
our loads only need low voltage DC. Look at your computer. And so
what do we do? We plug everything into 120 volt AC which is our
legacy system. That has to be converted to low voltage DC for
these devices to operate. So we're going back to DC then, at the
very, very end for end-use devices today and that creates a lot
of inefficiency."

Do We Need Both AC and DC?

Electric energy can run through wires in two ways: in one
direction, sort of like water flowing through a pipe, or in
alternating mode, almost like pushing and pulling back and forth.

The first is called direct current, DC for short, and that is the
sort of energy we get from batteries, with a plus and minus pole.
The second is known as alternating current, or AC, and that is
the type we get from our wall sockets and almost everywhere else.

Both types of current can run electrical motors, power
lightbulbs, heat our houses, and both have advantages and
disadvantages.

In the beginning, the advantages of AC were greater, so electric
power companies opted for the one that made more economical
sense.

"It really was a fierce battle between Thomas Edison, who
advocated his system of DC technology, and Westinghouse and his
partner Nikola Tesla who were advocating AC," Reed explained.
"The disadvantage Edison really had with DC back then was he had
no way of controlling the current on the DC cables. As he began
to deliver DC to longer and longer distances, as he got to beyond
a mile (1.6 km) or more, currents got so large that it wasn't
safe. The cables had to become so large that it wasn't
economical. So in his system he needed a power plant about every
mile to feed this DC network."

This problem has now been solved. We can safely control the
currents in DC delivery lines. Suddenly, converting AC to DC for
long distance transportation opened up new possibilities.

Utilizing Both Systems' Advantages

"Beginning in the 1970s, we started to build high voltage DC
transmission systems which provided a much more efficient way
than AC for long distance transmission," Reed said, "because we
could use this power electronics conversion to control the DC.
With AC systems, we use what's called three phases, so we use
three cables and large towers to support those cables and all the
forces on them, and that's very costly over the long distance.
With DC systems we only need two of those. We call them poles, so
we only need two cables for DC. So right away we have 33 percent
less infrastructure than we have with AC systems."

Another advantage of a DC power system is that when used as a
connection between two AC systems, it prevents the so-called
‘cascading blackouts,' when a problem in one AC power line, such
as a lightning strike, triggers a domino effect that spreads
through other AC lines, leaving vast areas without power.

As Reed explains, "With DC systems, we can actually interconnect
pockets of AC networks and create subareas of AC systems through
DC inter-ties where, if we do have these problems within the
network, we can separate them instantly through the DC converters
and really eliminate the possibility of having these cascading
blackouts over large regions in the future."

DC In Our Homes and Cars

So DC is increasingly appealing for transporting energy over long
distances. But what about in our homes, factories and other
businesses? Reed says in the future, they may contain what he
calls ‘DC micro-grids.'

The electricity generated by alternative energy sources, such as
solar panels and fuel cells, is DC. It can be stored in batteries
and safely integrated with 120 volt 60 hertz AC.

"And a part of that battery storage will be in the form of
electric vehicles, and we are seeing a huge potential growth in
the electric vehicle market. So, continue to put all those
batteries in for the network, it's more and more growth of DC
entities all around us, for both loads and end-use, and so that
growth has become very strong as well," Reed said.

Full text:
http://www.voanews.com/content/can-ac-and-dc-power-systems-integrate/3292427.html

Image: Screen capture from the video version of this VOA News
report ...


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This is VOA Radiogram from the Voice of America.

Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com.


From Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty:

Radio Farda's TV Signal Jammed In Tehran

April 20, 2016

Fans of Breakfast With News, RFE/RL's Persian Language Satellite
TV broadcast, woke up to a scrambled screen April 8. The daily,
one-hour news and analysis show is produced by RFE/RL's Persian
Language Service, Radio Farda, and aired on Voice of America's
satellite channel.

After being alerted by viewers, Radio Farda confirmed the
satellite signal has for the last 12 days been jammed in Tehran
and other large cities in Iran, and only during the normal
broadcast time of Morning With News. The audio of the popular
program is broadcast on AM and short wave radio, and is so far
unblocked.

Even though Facebook is blocked in Iran, Radio Farda's Facebook
page has over 1.5 million fans. Audiences must use proxy servers
to access both Facebook and Radio Farda's website.

Family members of Radio Farda staff have been interrogated,
coerced, and threatened by secret police in more than 20
incidents between 2012-2015. Iran has set up phony websites and
social media profiles to discredit Farda reporting, and has
targeted Farda journalists in over 15 documented cases of on-line
harassment.

http://www.rferl.org/content/iran-jamming/27686740.html

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RFE/RL also faces the possible blocking of its website about
Crimea:

Crackdown On RFE/RL's Crimea Site Sparks International
Condemnation

April 20, 2016

http://www.rferl.org/content/crimea-crackdown-rfe-rl-condemnation-semena/27686283.html

This is VOA Radiogram from the Voice of America.

Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com.


New Report Finds Media Freedom Declined Globally

VOA News
April 20, 2016

There has been a "deep and disturbing decline" in respect for
media freedom at levels both regional and global, the media
rights group Reporters Without Borders said in its annual report.

The 2016 World Press Freedom Index, released by the group
Wednesday, said the world is entering a "new era of propaganda"
and a reluctance to engage in free debate.

The group said many world leaders have developed "paranoia" about
journalists and are cracking down on the media, while privately
owned media outlets are increasingly under pressure from
corporate interests.

"The climate of fear results in a growing aversion to debate and
pluralism,'' said Christophe Deloire, secretary-general of the
Paris-based Reporters Without Borders.

"All of the indicators show a deterioration. Numerous authorities
are trying to regain control of their countries, fearing overly
open public debate," Deloire said.

He said new technologies allow leaders to appeal directly to the
public, "so there is a greater degree of violence against those
who represent independent information."

"We are entering a new era of propaganda where new technologies
allow the low-cost dissemination of their own communication,
their information, as dictated. On the other side, journalists
are the ones who get in the way," Deloire added.

"All of the indicators show a deterioration. Numerous authorities
are trying to regain control of their countries, fearing overly
open public debate," Deloire said.

He said new technologies allow leaders to appeal directly to the
public, "so there is a greater degree of violence against those
who represent independent information."

"We are entering a new era of propaganda where new technologies
allow the low-cost dissemination of their own communication,
their information, as dictated. On the other side, journalists
are the ones who get in the way," Deloire added.

Report findings:

• Reporters Without Borders said the situation is particularly
grave in Latin America and cited institutional violence in
Venezuela and Ecuador, organized crime in Honduras, impunity in
Colombia, corruption in Brazil and media concentration in
Argentina.

• Eritrea was ranked the worst worldwide – 180th out of 180 -- in
overall media freedom, falling below Syria, China and North
Korea.

• Finland was ranked No. 1 -- for the sixth year in a row --
followed by the Netherlands and Norway.

• The U.S. ranked No. 41 in the report, with the report citing
cybersurveillance as a major problem.

• Individual countries that rose most in the 2016 report include
Tunisia -- to No. 30 from No. 96 – due to a decline in violence
and legal proceedings, and Ukraine – to No. 22 from No. 107 --
because the conflict in the east of the country has abated.

• Individual countries that fell the furthest include Poland, to
No. 47 from No. 29; Tajikistan, to No. 150 from No. 116; Brunei,
to No. 155 from No. 121; and Burundi, to No. 156 from No. 145.

• The report attributed the declines to a rise in the
authoritarian nature of some governments, such as those in
Tajikistan, Egypt and Turkey; security situations that have
become more dangerous, such as in Libya, Yemen and Burundi;
blasphemy laws, such as in Brunei, and tighter government control
of state-owned media, such as Poland.

• By region, Europe still has the freest media, followed by
Africa, the Americas, Asia and Eastern Europe/Central Asia. North
Africa/Middle East is still the region where journalists are most
subjected to constraints of every kind.

 

Self-censorship

The effect of these obstacles to press freedom is
self-censorship, Reporters Without Borders said.

The group also noted that media freedom is damaged by governments
that are quick to suspend Internet access to their citizens.

The report said every continent has seen a decline in media
freedom over the past three years.

The index measures indicators such as media independence,
self-censorship, the rule of law, transparency and the safety of
journalists in 180 countries.

Information for the study is based on questionnaires in 20
languages filled out by experts around the world as well as on
quantitative data on abuses and acts of violence perpetrated
against reporters.



http://www.voanews.com/content/report-media-freedom-declines-globally/3293474.html

See also:
http://www.rferl.org/content/article/27685420.html

http://www.rfa.org/english/asia-media-04202016170801.html

http://rsf.org/ranking

Image: World Press Freedom Index map, with black denoting "very
serious situation" and red "difficult situation" ...



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Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com.

And visit voaradiogram.net.

Twitter: @VOARadiogram

Thanks to colleagues at the Edward R. Murrow shortwave
transmitting station in North Carolina.

I'm Kim Elliott. Please join us for the next VOA Radiogram.

This is VOA, the Voice of America.



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RSID: <<2016-04-23T16:28Z OL 64-2K @ 17580000+1500>>


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