VoA radiogram #177

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RSID: <<2016-08-21T01:30Z MFSK-32 @ 9925000-1500>>

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http://voaradiogram.net/

RSID: <<2016-08-20T16:01Z MFSK-32 @ 17580000+1500>>

Welcome to program 177 of VOA Radiogram from the Voice of
America.

I'm Kim Andrew Elliott in Washington.

Here is the lineup for today's program, all in MFSK32 centered
on 1500 Hz:

1:31 Program preview (now)
2:42 China launches hack-proof satellite*
8:32 Twitter closes terror-linked accounts*
13:59 Why is Washington's subway system falling apart?*
26:40 Closing announcements
29:09 Flmsg surprise (with audio)

* with image

Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com.

And visit voaradiogram.net.

Twitter: @VOARadiogram

VOA NEWS

China Launches Satellite it Hopes Is Hack-proof

Wayne Lee
August 17, 2016

China has launched the world's first satellite into orbit using a
technology to send communications back to Earth that it hopes
will be secure from hackers.

The satellite was launched into space Tuesday from a military
base in Gansu province in the northwest Gobi Desert.

The 600-plus-kilogram satellite, dubbed Micius after a 5th
century B.C. Chinese philosopher and scientist, will circle the
Earth every 90 minutes.

Light particles will be fired at Micius to determine if quantum
physics will permit the secure encryption of long-range
communication.

The official Xinhua news agency said that during the satellite's
two-year mission, it will establish "hack-proof" communications
by transmitting uncrackable keys from space to ground.

"I don't think the quantum communications system is as
impregnable as the Chinese would have us believe," Morris Jones,
an independent Australian space analyst who monitors the Chinese
space program, told VOA's Victor Beattie.

According to the Wall Street Journal, scientists in the U.S.,
Europe and Japan also are trying to exploit quantum physics
technology, which can have military applications. But China has
made the technology a top strategic focus in its five-year
economic development plan released in March, and may have spent
tens of billions of dollars in basic research.

Despite his belief that the technology is not impregnable, Jones
said the application of it in space is a major step forward for
the Chinese.

"The Chinese have one of the top space programs in the world, and
they are still on an upward trajectory," he said. "The Russians
are stagnating and falling backward. If America does not regroup
in the next five years, they will lose ground on China."

Jones predicts the U.S. space program could fall behind China's
within the next 15 years if the U.S. does not commit more
resources to space initiatives.

The lead scientist on the project, Pan Jian-wei at the University
of Science and Technology of China in Hefei, said if this
experiment is a success, China plans to launch a second such
satellite within the next five years to develop a network based
on the quantum technology.

http://www.voanews.com/a/china-launches-satellite-hopes-hack-proof/3469333.html

Image: The world's first quantum satellite is launched in
Jiuquan, Gansu Province, China, Aug. 16, 2016 ...

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This is VOA Radiogram from the Voice of America.

Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com.

VOA NEWS

Twitter Suspends 235,000 More Terror-linked Accounts

Jeff Seldin
August 18, 2016

Twitter announced that it has suspended an additional 235,000
accounts for promoting terrorism over the past six months.

"This brings our overall number of suspensions to 360,000 since
the middle of 2015," the company said in a statement Thursday.

Twitter says that daily suspensions of user accounts have
increased by 80 percent since 2015. It adds that many of the
suspensions immediately follow terrorist attacks.

The U.S.-based company says it also has made progress in
preventing users who were suspended from immediately returning to
the platform using different accounts and that it "collaborates
with other social platforms in identifying terrorist content."

Despite the progress, many suspended users have found their way
back onto Twitter.

"The numbers include a fairly large number of users who are
repeatedly suspended after creating new accounts, so the number
of accounts suspended does not equal the number of users
suspended," said J.M. Berger, a fellow at George Washington
University's Program on Extremism. "It's not a trivial number."

Berger was the lead author of a 2015 study titled, "The ISIS
(Islamic State) Twitter Census," which found supporters of the
Islamic State (IS) terror group used at least 46,000 Twitter
accounts between September and December 2014, with an average of
about 1,000 followers each.

Twitter has been criticized in the past for not doing enough to
stem the flow of extremist content. Still, Berger credits Twitter
with making progress.

"The current ISIS network on Twitter is less than 10 percent of
what it was in 2014 when we did the census," he said.

In response to crackdowns by Twitter and other social media
networks, IS followers have taken to other, encrypted messaging
apps, such as Telegram and WhatsApp, to communicate with
followers with limited success.

"Telegram allows existing supporters to talk amongst themselves,
but Twitter and Facebook are the main places they can find new
supporters online," Berger said. "ISIS recruiters and
propagandists know this and so they heavily emphasize that
Telegram supporters should be creating new accounts on Twitter."

http://www.voanews.com/a/twitter-suspends-accounts-linked-to-terrorism/3470734.html

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This is VOA Radiogram from the Voice of America.

Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com.

VOA NEWS

Why is Washington's Subway System Falling Apart?

Catherine Maddux
August 16, 2016

A knot of tourists visiting Washington, D.C. crowds the escalator
taking them underground to the subway platform at the L'Enfant
metro station on a hot and humid August day. One man lingers in
front of a circular map of the DC Metro system, trying to sort
out which train goes where. It's close to 4 p.m. and the platform
is starting to fill up with regular commuters.

"Our subway system is so much bigger," said Chris Percival, an
Australian tourist who is standing over the map.

"I mean, it goes so much further outside Sydney — and, I hope you
don't mind if I say it, it's just better," he adds.

"I love the city, though," Percival said as if to apologize for
his assessment of the beleaguered subway system which opened 40
years ago in the nation's capital.

Above ground, a local commuter waits in the heat for her ride
home from work.

"Oh, no. I don't take Metro now. Uh uh. No way," says the
30-something African-American woman. Wearing professional dress
and modest heels, she prefers not to give her name (she doesn't
like being searchable on the internet she says).

So why did she stop taking Metro?

"Oh my goodness, what made me stop? I'll tell you, I used to rush
to my train station, and there was no train, or the train was so
crowded with too many people," she said. "And then you know that
accident that killed those riders in '09 and a lady choked to
death inside a train where smoke got in, right? I said no more
after that one."

DC Metro is in crisis. So much so that over the past few months,
it closed for an entire day to conduct a system-wide emergency
maintenance assessment.

Soon after, the newly appointed general manager announced a
program known as SafeTrack, which has severely curtailed service
to tackle serious safety breaches.

Metro General Manager Paul Wiedefeld's office declined repeated
requests for an interview with VOA.

How did Metro, built in one of the most powerful cities in the
world (it's home to the U.S. Congress and the White House), get
to this point? How did a system that was described by President
Barack Obama at one time as "a great strength of this region"
deteriorate so dramatically?

Why has this public transport system become notorious for
derailments, incidents involving smoke and fire, serious delays,
and the tragic deaths of nine people in a 2009 accident and
another fatality last year when smoke filled a car?

And how is it that other, much older subway systems — the London
Tube, the Tokyo subway — are so much more reliable?

Maintenance

"The warning about maintenance came in the mid-1980s. The 1986
Federal City council report that said that the system was facing
sharply rising higher maintenance costs in the 1990s as
components began to wear out," said Zachary M. Schrag, author of
the 2006 book "The Great Society Subway: A History of the
Washington Metro," and a history professor at George Mason
University.

"That prediction turned out to be accurate."

Schrag also points out that there existed an incompatible
tension: "the need to complete the system as initially envisioned
and to rehabilitate it all at the same time."

DC Metro, run by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit
Authority (WMATA), was planned all at once, Schrag explains. And
it's a two-track system.

WMATA argues the two-track design makes it much harder to do
maintenance or pull a disabled train off the rails without major
disruptions during daily operations.

But critics counter that the Paris, London and other subways are
also two-track systems, which function much better than DC Metro.
The problem, critics say, is down to management.

DC's subway was also designed without a dedicated source of
funding. WMATA, a collection of representatives from Washington,
Virginia and Maryland, must go hat in hand to Congress to get
funds.

And Congress can be moody, especially in the wake of numerous
system failures and a damning report by the Federal Transit
Agency, rebuking WMATA for failing to implement key safety
measures

"Where you historically have unstable funding and you skimp on
maintenance, which is paramount, you are bound to have big
problems," said transportation consultant Kevin Maher, a former
30-year-long career U.S. diplomat who lives in Tokyo. "[WMATA]
doesn't do regular maintenance."

Different mindset

The Tokyo subway system is one of the world's most consistently
reliable, safe and admired.

VOA Correspondent Steve Herman can vouch for that, having lived
26 years in Asia, mostly Tokyo.

"You cannot underestimate the public mindset about public
transportation in this part of the world," said Herman, who is
now reporting from the State Department in Washington D.C. and
now experiences firsthand the inefficiency of D.C.'s subway
system.

"Over 90 years, incidents on the Japanese system have been rare,"
Herman said. "The Japanese are famous for efficiency in rail
systems because the public mindset is that transportation systems
are a critical part of daily life."

And the Tokyo system is run by a collection of private companies,
not governments, points out Mahrer. He adds those companies
factor in customer welfare and safety as key parts of their
business models.

While the DC Metro, the second largest in the United States, is
clearly in trouble, other American cities are struggling with
serious problems plaguing their public transportation systems.

"Boston has a dedicated funding system," said Schrag. "And it has
billions of dollars in deferred maintenance. New York City has, I
think, tens of billions of dollars of work that it wants done.
You know, Chicago shut down a line."

Having studied transit systems closely over a decade or so,
Schrag has come to this conclusion about American subways:

"Really, it's about the overall lack of investment in
infrastructure."

http://www.voanews.com/a/why-is-washingtons-subway-system-falling-apart/3467585.html

Image: A lone Metro rider sits on a train in Washington's
L'Enfant Plaza Station in this March 2015 photo.

Sending Pic:268x182C;

For more about Washington's crumbling infrastructure, see

VOA NEWS

Authorities Threaten to Close Iconic Washington Bridge

August 14, 2xP
Esha Sarai

http://www.voanews.com/a/memorials-infrastructure-crumbling-in-america-s-capital/3463970.html

Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com.

And visit voaradiogram.net.

Twitter: @VOARadiogram

Thanks to colleagues at the Edward R. Murrow shortwave
transmitting station in North Carolina.

I'm Kim Elliott. Please join us for the next VOA Radiogram.

This is VOA, the Voice of America.

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