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http://voaradiogram.net/


RSID: <<2016-10-08T16:01Z
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Welcome to program 184 of VOA Radiogram from the Voice of
America.
I'm Kim Andrew Elliott in Washington.
Here is the lineup for today's program, all in MFSK32 except
where noted:
1:51 Program preview (now)
3:01 Another Saturn moon may have subsurface ocean*
7:28 Video captures detail of Hawaii volcano lava*
14:34 Olivia 64-2000: Pacific garbage patch
23:25 MFSK32: Hurricane Matthew*
26:04 Closing announcements*
* with image
Please send reception reports to
radiogram@voanews.com.
And visit voaradiogram.net.
Twitter: @VOARadiogram
Researchers Discover Subsurface Ocean on Saturn's Dione Moon
VOA News
October 6, 2016
A third Saturn moon may have a subsurface ocean with potential
for life, researchers say.
Using gravity data from the Cassini probe, researchers at the
Royal Observatory of Belgium say Dione joins Titan and Enceladus
as Saturn moons likely having subsurface oceans.
Researchers say Dione's ocean is likely 100 kilometers beneath
the surface, "several tens of kilometers deep" and surrounds a
rocky core.
Unlike Enceladus, which has geysers of water that spurt from the
southern polar region, Dione appears "quiet" now, but researchers
say it likely had a more active past.
Enceladus' ocean, according to researchers, is likely much closer
to the surface, particularly in the southern polar regions where
the icy crust might be only a few kilometers thick.
One way Enceladus' ocean was discovered was by observing "large
back-and-forth oscillations, called libration." If the libration
was smaller on the moon, it would likely mean the crust was
thicker.
"Like Enceladus, Dione librates but below the detection level of
Cassini," said Antony Trinh, co-author of the new study. "A
future orbiter hopping around Saturn's moons could test this
prediction."
Dione's ocean has likely been there since the moon formed,
researchers said, adding that it could be host to microbial life.
"The contact between the ocean and the rocky core is crucial,"
said Attilio Rivoldini, co-author of the study. "Rock-water
interactions provide key nutrients and a source of energy, both
being essential ingredients for life."
The study was published online this week in Geophysical Research
Letters.
http://www.voanews.com/a/mht-researchers-discover-ocean-on-dione-saturn-moon/3539516.html
Image: Dione with Enceladus in the background. This image was
taken by the Cassini spacecraft on 8 September 2015 ...
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This is VOA Radiogram from the Voice of America.
Please send reception reports to
radiogram@voanews.com.
Gurgling Lava Splashes Up Hawaii Volcano Walls in Rare Video
Associated Press via voanews.com
October 5, 2016
HONOLULU - As the high-definition camera pans across the surface
of an active Hawaii volcano's viscous summit lava lake, a large
bubble of volcanic gas grows and bursts, dramatically spewing
molten rock into the air and sending a massive ripple of lava
outward across the crater.
Federal officials released high-definition video of the lava lake
atop Hawaii's Kilauea volcano on Tuesday, providing a rare
close-up glimpse of the powerful summit eruption, shot in
stunning 4K ultra-high-definition video.
The U.S. Geological Survey footage shows lava breaking through
the crusted mantle of the lava lake on the Big Island and
splashing up the crater walls. Aerial footage shows lava glowing
through the cracks of the slightly hardened crust atop the
flowing and bubbling lava.
USGS video producer Stephen Wessells, geologist Janet Babb and
other scientists worked along the edge of the volcano's massive
summit wearing gas masks and other protective gear to capture the
images. At times, they were only a few hundred feet away from the
lava lake.
"It was the greatest shooting experience of my life," said
Wessells, who has been producing video for USGS since 1990. "It
was just spectacular."
The summit eruption has been happening since March 2008, which is
when federal officials closed the area to the public.
Babb told The Associated Press that the area is full of hazards.
Gasses from the volcano, which can swirl around in the strong
trade winds on the summit, "can be life-threatening," said Babb.
Additionally, "rocks from the vent wall will fall apart and fall
into the lava lake and when they do there's a big gas release,
this big kind of bubble burst, and it will hurl fragments of
molten lava ... up onto the crater rim."
The team was reminded of this danger when a filming location was
covered in hot spatter just a week after they were there.
"It was a very sobering moment," Babb said.
Kilauea has an extensive history of eruptions. While most of
Kilauea's activity has been nonexplosive, a 1924 eruption spewed
ash and 10-ton rocks into the sky and left a man dead.
A vent adjacent to the summit known as Puu Oo recently erupted
and sent lava trickling down the mountainside and into the
Pacific Ocean for the first time in several years.
A 1983 Puu Oo eruption resulted in lava fountains soaring over
1,500 feet high. In the decades since, the lava flow has buried
48 square miles of land and destroyed many homes.
In 2008, after a series of small earthquakes rattled the island,
Kilauea's summit crater opened and gushed lava and rock over 75
acres of the mountain, damaging a nearby visitor overlook.
The video released Tuesday is the highest resolution footage the
agency has ever captured of the lava lake, and will be included
in a longer documentary about the history of the volcano around
the 10th anniversary of the current eruption in 2018.
With video:
http://www.voanews.com/a/gurgling-lava-splashes-up-hawaii-volcano-walls-in-rare-video/3538968.html
Image: In this photo provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, the
lava lake atop Kilauea volcano erupts on Hawaii's Big Island,
Sept. 28, 2016 ...
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VOA Radiogram now changes to Olivia 64-2000 ...
RSID: <<2016-10-08T16:14Z
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This is VOA Radiogram in Olivia 64-2000.
Please send reception reports to
radiogram@voanews.com.
Pacific Garbage Patch Larger Than Thought
VOA News
October 5, 2016
WASHINGTON - Floating garbage is choking the world's oceans and
it turns out that the biggest concentration, known as the great
Pacific garbage patch, is much bigger than previously thought.
After the latest aerial survey by the Ocean Cleanup foundation,
scientists now say that the garbage patch's core contains more
than 1 trillion pieces of plastic trash, covering about 1 million
square kilometers.
Soon, they say, it will be visible from the space.
Driven by wind and ocean currents, the Pacific garbage patch is
continually changing shape while traveling in a vast circle. It
is now between Hawaii and California.
Contrary to the popular image, it is not a floating island but
rather an area littered with discarded, mostly plastic items,
often broken into not immediately visible pieces.
Next year the Ocean Cleanup foundation, partially funded by the
Dutch government, plans to test a huge v-shaped rubber boom that
would corral the rubbish into a cone for possible collection.
Scientists say without urgent action to curb plastic waste
entering the world's oceans, by 2050 the waters will contain more
plastic than fish.
http://www.voanews.com/a/pacific-garbage-patch-larger-than-thought/3538461.html
VOA Radiogram now returns
to MFSK32
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This is VOA Radiogram in MFSK32
Hurricane Matthew is affecting the southeastern USA this
weekend.
For a good look at its present location and movement, visit ...
http://wjla.com/weather/radar
Zoom out, and move south by "pulling" the radar image upwards.
At the bottom of the radar image, activate the animation by
pushing the right-arrow button.
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Please send reception reports to
radiogram@voanews.com.
And visit voaradiogram.net.
Twitter: @VOARadiogram
Thanks to colleagues at the Edward R. Murrow shortwave
transmitting station in North Carolina.
I'm Kim Elliott. Please join us for the next VOA Radiogram.
This is VOA, the Voice of America.
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www.rhci-online.net/radiogram/radiogram.htm