RSID: <<2016-10-15T16:01Z MFSK-32 @ 17580000+1500>>


Welcome to program 185 of VOA Radiogram from the Voice of
America.

I'm Kim Andrew Elliott in Washington.

Here is the lineup for today's program, all in MFSK32 centered on
1500 Hz:

 1:51  Program preview (now)
 3:02  Will electric cars dominate in wealthy cities by 2030?*
 8:26  Turkey questions historical treaty defining borders*
15:54  ARRL comments on FCC amateur radio digital mode rules*
23:34  Closing announcements*

* with image


Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com.

And visit voaradiogram.net.

Twitter: @VOARadiogram



Report: Electric Cars Could Dominate Roads in Wealthy Cities by
2030

Reuters via voanews.com
October 11, 2016

LONDON -  Electric vehicles could account for two-thirds of all
cars on the road by 2030 in wealthy cities such as London and
Singapore due to stricter emissions regulation, falling
technology costs and more consumer interest, research showed
Tuesday.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming far more common. To help
lower harmful greenhouse gas emissions, governments are trying to
encourage their uptake through subsidies and tax breaks, and
introducing low-emissions zones.

Technology costs are also falling rapidly. The cost of a
lithium-ion battery pack fell 65 percent in 2015 to around $350
per kilowatt hour, from $1,000/KWh in 2010, and is expected to
fall below $100/KWh over the next decade, a report by consultancy
McKinsey & Co and Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) showed.

"In densely populated, high-income cities like London and
Singapore ... electric vehicles could represent as much as 60
percent of all vehicles on the road by 2030, the result of
low-emission zones, consumer interest and favorable economics,"
the report said.

However, the growth of EVs could be a threat to the automotive
sector.

"The automotive sector faces a future that could be fundamentally
different from its past and may need to consider moving from
using a pure product-ownership model toward providing a range of
transportation services," the report said.

Gasoline retailers should also be considering further
monetization of their current assets and how to get more value
from electric charging, the retail market and fleet services.

At a BNEF Future of Energy Summit in London on Tuesday, BP's
chief economist Spencer Dale said: "Electric vehicles could take
off anytime," as shifts in social preferences cannot be modeled.

http://www.voanews.com/a/electric-cars-dominate-roads-wealthy-cities-report/3546479.html


Image: The Chevrolet Bolt electric vehicle, available in the 2017
model year ...


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Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com.


VOA NEWS

Turkey Questions Historical Treaty Defining Regional Borders

Dorian Jones
October 12, 2016

ISTANBUL - A dispute continues to deepen between Ankara and
Baghdad over the presence of Turkish soldiers near the Iraqi city
of Mosul.

The spat erupted after Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan
took the country and the region by surprise last month by calling
into question the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, which defined modern
Turkey's borders.

He declared Turkey had been blackmailed by foreign powers into
giving up vast swaths of territory that were once part of the
Ottoman Empire. Although Erdogan focused his criticism on the
loss of Aegean islands to Greece, it is Turkey's southern borders
he had in mind, according to visiting Carnegie Europe scholar
Sinan Ulgen.

"The message should be seen more of a signal in relation to
Turkish polices towards the south, Syria and Iraq. I read it as a
backdrop to a policy that tries to build domestic support for a
more long-term presence, particularly in Syria, by pointing out,
at allegedly past historical mistakes," Ulgen said.

Turkish forces are currently in Syria and Iraq. But the Turkish
presence at the Bashiqa base, close to the Iraqi city of Mosul,
has become the center of a deepening dispute with Baghdad. The
base is ostensibly tor training Sunni militia to fight Islamic
State.

On Tuesday, Erdogan dismissed Iraqi Prime Minister Haider
al-Abadi's calls to withdraw Turkish troops, telling him "he
should know his place."

Erdogan also insisted Turkish forces would participate in the
imminent operation to retake Mosul from Islamic State militants.

Security interests or more?

Deputy chair of the Ankara-based Turkish Asian Center for
Strategic Studies, Murat Bilhan, insists Ankara has no
territorial aspirations toward Iraq.

"Turkey just has been repeating and repeating rhetoric that Iraq
should be a unified country, but it is not a unified country
anymore. Turkey has some security interests in Iraq, to stop any
kind of migration flow from Mosul as well as in Syria," Bilhan
said.

Analysts say Erdogan's calling into question the Lausanne treaty
in connection with the Bashiqa dispute will cause unease in
Baghdad, especially amid growing speculation about whether Iraq
will eventually break up.

Observers say regional powers are already positioning themselves
in an expected power struggle for control of Mosul when the
Islamic State group is ousted from the city.

Analyst Ulgen says Mosul and the nearby city of Kirkuk have
special significance for Turkey.

"Both Mosul and Kirkuk, not only were they part of the former
Ottoman lands, they were part of the original design of the
modern-day Turkey, so in that sense there is certainly historical
and emotional connection to those two cities, Mosul and Kirkuk,"
Ulgen said.

While the Lausanne treaty is historically viewed in Turkey as a
victory for Turkish diplomacy, nationalists blame it, and British
diplomats, for the loss of Kirkuk and Mosul, which include
substantial oil reserves.

For Erdogan, who is courting nationalists at home, the Mosul card
could fit well in his wider strategy of creating what he calls a
"New Turkey."

http://www.voanews.com/a/turkey-erdogan-treaty-of-lausanne-borders/3547651.html

See also:
youtu.be/KuwanQyGKHw



Image: The Ottoman Empire in 1914 ...


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This is VOA Radiogram from the Voice of America.

Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com.
 

From ARRL, the US national association for amateur radio:

Current Rules Holding Hams Back from Adopting State-of-the-Art
Technology, ARRL Says

10/11/2016

In comments filed on October 12 with the [US Federal
Communications Commission], ARRL reiterated its case that the FCC
should impose a 2.8 kHz limit on symbol rate for digital modes,
arguing that its approach is both balanced and necessary. ARRL
had asked the FCC to change the Part 97 rules to delete the
symbol rate limits in §97.307(f) and replace them with a maximum
bandwidth for data emissions of 2.8 kHz on amateur frequencies
below 29.7 MHz. In a July Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM)
in WT Docket 16-239, the FCC proposed to eliminate the current
baud rate limitations for data emissions, consistent with ARRL's
Petition, but it declined to propose a bandwidth limitation for
data emissions in the MF and HF bands to replace the baud rate
limitations.

ARRL told the FCC in its comments that the current HF symbol rate
"speed limit" reflects 1980s technology and has no place in an
experimental radio service in which modern protocols could be
efficiently deployed in crowded RTTY/data subbands.

"The symbol rate limit was created in order to maximize the
efficient use and reuse of that crowded, shared spectrum, but the
assumptions made at the time are no longer valid," ARRL said,
"and the rules now prohibit radio amateurs from utilizing
state-of-the-art technology, thus precluding or substantially
inhibiting any meaningful contribution to the advancement of the
radio art in this area." ARRL said earlier assumptions are no
longer valid mainly because there is no correlation between the
data rate and the occupied bandwidth in the rules now.

The League said present rules in the HF data subbands promote
inefficiency, allowing data transmissions of unlimited bandwidth
as long as the symbol rate is sufficiently low, and it stressed
that there must be some limit on occupied bandwidth for HF data
emissions.

"Eliminating the symbol rate limitations for data emissions and
substituting a maximum authorized bandwidth would permit the
utilization of all HF data transmission protocols presently legal
in the Amateur Radio Service, as well as state-of-the-art
protocols that fall within the authorized bandwidth," the League
said.

ARRL said that it could be "fairly debated" whether or not 2.8
kHz is the proper maximum bandwidth for data emissions. "Greater
bandwidth for data emissions would permit a wider array of data
emissions now and in the future," the League said in its
comments. "However, even 2.8 kHz could arguably permit usurpation
of the subbands to the detriment of CW and other narrow-bandwidth
emissions. ARRL views the 2.8 kHz maximum bandwidth proposal for
data emissions at HF to be a necessary component of the [FCC's
proposal], and it fairly balances the objectives of facilitating
use of new and future data emissions and protecting against
usurpation of the band by a few data stations.

ARRL said it would be impossible to reduce the permitted maximum
bandwidth for data emissions at HF much below 2.8 kHz without
prohibiting data modes that are now legal. "At the same time, it
would not be desirable to have a few data stations using large
swaths of spectrum to the detriment of other modes," the League
said.

The deadline to file reply comments in the proceeding - ie,
comments on comments already filed - is November 10,

http://www.arrl.org/news/current-rules-holding-hams-back-from-adopting-state-of-the-art-technology-arrl-says

Full text of ARRL comments:
http://www.arrl.org/attachments/view/News/86417


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Please send reception reports to radiogram@voanews.com.

And visit voaradiogram.net.

Twitter: @VOARadiogram

Thanks to colleagues at the Edward R. Murrow shortwave
transmitting station in North Carolina.

I'm Kim Elliott. Please join us for the next VOA Radiogram.

This is VOA, the Voice of America.


A week after Hurricane Matthew struck the southeastern United
States, rivers at flood stage continue to be a problem,
especially in North Carolina. The Tar River in Greenville, North
Carolina, near the Edward R. Murrow shortwave transmitting
station, crested Thursday at 7.6 M (25 ft) ...


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