RSID: <<2021-12-17T00:31Z MFSK-32 @ 9265000+1500>>

Welcome to program 235 of Shortwave Radiogram.

I'm Kim Andrew Elliott in Arlington, Virginia USA.

Here is the lineup for today's program, in MFSK modes as noted:

  1:43 MFSK32: Program preview (now)
  2:52 Warming Earth shrinks safe times for outdoor work
  8:04 MFSK64: Hydrogen airships for cargo transport?*
14:26 This week's (holiday) images*
28:31 MFSK32: Closing announcements

* with image(s)


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And visit http://swradiogram.net

We're on Twitter now: @SWRadiogram or twitter.com/swradiogram





From Phys.org:

As Earth warms, safe times for outdoor work will shrink

by Duke University
December 15, 2021

A new Duke-led study finds if Earth warms another 2° Celsius,
doing outdoor labor will no longer be safe on summer afternoons
in many low-latitude regions, shown here in deep red. Credit:
Luke Parsons, Duke University

As heat and humidity levels rise throughout the day because of
climate change, options for moving outdoor labor to cooler hours
will dramatically shrink, leading to significant worldwide labor
losses, a new study led by Duke University researchers finds.

Economic losses associated with this lost productivity could
reach up to $1.6 trillion annually if warming exceeds an
additional 2 degrees Celsius relative to the present.

Workers in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in
Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the western Pacific, will bear
the worst impacts, the study projects.

"Sadly, many of the countries and people most impacted by current
and future labor losses are not responsible for the bulk of
greenhouse gas emissions," said Luke Parsons, a climate
researcher at Duke's Nicholas School of the Environment, who led
the study.

"Many workers in the tropics are already stopping work in the
afternoon because it's too hot," Parsons said. "Luckily, about
30% of this lost labor can still be recovered by moving it to the
early morning. But with each additional degree of global warming,
workers' ability to adapt this way will swiftly decrease as even
the coolest hours of the day quickly become too hot for
continuous outdoor labor."

If average global temperatures rise by another 2 degrees
Celsius—or about 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit—relative to the present,
labor losses in the coolest half of the day will exceed current
losses in the hottest half, he said. Critical jobs, such as
agricultural work and construction work, will become almost
impossible to perform safely during afternoon hours in the summer
in many places.

India, China, Pakistan and Indonesia, where larger fractions of
the population work outdoors, will experience the biggest losses
overall, the study projects, but 14 less populated countries
could experience higher per-capita losses. They are: Bangladesh,
Thailand, Gambia, Senegal, Cambodia, United Arab Emirates,
Bahrain, Qatar, Brunei Darussalam, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Sri Lanka
and Nauru.

Parsons and his colleagues published their new peer-reviewed
paper Dec. 14 in Nature Communications. In it, they project
future labor losses for every country worldwide under a global
temperature rise of 1degree Celsius, 2 degrees Celsius, 3 degrees
Celsius and 4 degrees Celsius relative to the present.

"Our analysis shows that if we limit warming to within another
degree of current levels, we can still avoid most worker
productivity losses by moving heavy labor to the early morning
hours. But if warming exceeds 1 degrees Celsius, that becomes
much more difficult. It's a sliding curve, it gets exponentially
worse as the temperature rises," he said.

The scientists used a blend of observation-based meteorological
data and climate model projections of temperature and humidity to
estimate humid heat exposure, current labor losses and projected
future labor losses under additional warming.

https://phys.org/news/2021-12-earth-safe-outdoor.html

Shortwave Radiogram now changes to MFSK64 ...
 

RSID: <<2021-12-17T00:38Z MFSK-64 @ 9265000+1500>>


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From New Atlas:

Could hydrogen airships return as fast, cheap, green cargo
transports?

Loz Blain
December 14, 2021

California startup H2 Clipper wants to bring back hydrogen-filled
airships, claiming they can unlock completely green
intercontinental cargo operations carrying 8-10 times the payload
of any cargo plane over 6,000 miles, at a quarter of the price.

The H2 Clipper would carry payloads up to and beyond 340,000 lb
(150,000 kg), says the company, and would offer up to 265,000
cubic feet (7,530 cubic metres) of cargo space. It wouldn't
travel as fast as a plane, cruising at about 175 mph (282 km/h),
but it would move boxes some 7-10 times faster than a boat (China
to the US in 36 hours, for example) and with zero emissions.

Its lift gas would be hydrogen – providing some 8 percent more
lift per volume than helium at something around 1/67th the price.
Its propulsion would be fully electric, running on liquid
hydrogen put through a fuel cell. H2 Clipper says it'd operate
efficiently for missions ranging from under 500 miles (804 km) to
"well over 6,000 miles (9,656 km)." That would link any two
points on the globe with a single fuel top-up. In the current
renders, the company shows the top of this huge aircraft covered
in photovoltaic cells, which could theoretically enable it to
generate its own hydrogen, if it were to carry a water source and
an electrolyzer.

With the right provisions put in place, it could take goods right
from a factory to a distribution center without needing
additional ground transport stages to and from airports, thanks
to its vertical takeoff and landing capabilities.

H2 Clipper says the economics will be attractive as well,
estimating costs between US$0.177 to $0.247 per ton-mile for
distances between 1,000-6000 miles. It says this is a quarter of
the price of today's air transport. Certainly, it'll still be
more expensive than sending things on a container ship, but it
does potentially cut out additional logistics challenges at
either end – and the shipping sector's emissions issues could
well see it slapped with carbon taxes as the race to zero carbon
by 2050 develops globally.

On the surface, it all looks to work pretty neatly. Of course,
there's a large elephant in the room here, or at least a huge
manatee: hydrogen, along with any other flammable substance, is
currently prohibited as a lift gas in the United States and
Europe, due to some high-profile dirigible disasters in the early
1900s, burned into the public consciousness by newsreels of the
Hindenburg conflagration in 1937 that killed 35 of the 97 people
on board.

But it's possible that all is not as it seems in this regard –
and indeed there are several groups beginning to call foul on
what they see is an unfair perception and legal treatment of
hydrogen airships that could be holding back a valuable
technology.

The argument is well put in this recent piece by Eli Dourado,
Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Growth and Opportunity
at Utah State University. We'll bullet-point it here for you:

•  Hydrogen was initially banned as a lift gas in US military
   aircraft in 1922, after a rather theatrical exploding-balloon
   demonstration before Congress by a representative from the
   Bureau of Mines, which had found itself sitting on large helium
   reserves. In his 1969 book about the early days of the helium
   industry, Mines employee Clifford Stebel admits that the
   hydrogen should not have exploded in this scenario, and hints
   that he tampered with it: "Later, with a twinkle in his eye,
   Moore accused me of adding some air to the red balloon to
   create an explosive mixture—something I never admitted."

• The aviation business as a whole was in an embryonic phase in
   the early 1900s, and most modes of flight had less-than-stellar
   safety records, which have subsequently been addressed with
   rigorous standards and new technologies. Hydrogen airships
   should be afforded the same opportunity.

•  Banning flammable substances from use generating aerostatic
   lift, but allowing them for use generating forward thrust, is
   absurd. Flammable fuel leaks have caused numerous aviation
   disasters without these substances being banned wholesale.

•  The current FAA prohibition on hydrogen lift gas is only a
   guidance, and nearly every aircraft that goes through
   certification does so after negotiating a series of waivers and
   special conditions.

The full piece makes interesting reading. H2 Clipper, for its
part, chips in to point out that extensive testing in the
automotive industry has proven that hydrogen tanks can be shot
with 50-caliber rifles, and hydrogen escaping into the air can be
ignited with naked flames without causing explosions.

"With modern engineering standards," writes Dourado, "there is no
doubt that hydrogen could be made a safe lifting gas." But, he
points out, the only way to find out for sure would be to develop
and certify a next-generation hydrogen airship, and this would
require millions in investment, against the possible risk that
the program might be shut down by regulations.

It's a tough ask for investors, although a new class of investor
might have the stomach to throw down. Green hydrogen projects are
taking off at an extraordinary rate as countries and companies
alike wrestle with the hurdles and opportunities of
decarbonization. The investors behind these have plenty of skin
in the game already, and an incentive not just to develop
potential markets for their hydrogen, but to rehabilitate its
image.

H2 Clipper's hydrogen cargo airships might be just the ticket.
They present minimal risk to human life – they'll initially be
piloted, but could eventually become completely autonomous. They
present a useful middle ground in the transport logistics puzzle
– cheaper than planes, faster than ships, virtually unlimited
range and excellent operational flexibility. And there's
currently no alternative if you want to cover serious distances
without creating carbon dioxide emissions.

These airships could be immediately useful to the hydrogen
industry, too; H2 Clipper says that if you're looking to export
liquid hydrogen internationally, as many countries are hoping to
do in bulk, its airships will beat rail, trucks, ships and even
pipelines on price over distances greater than 1,000 miles –
while delivering the H2 quickly to just about anywhere on Earth.

H2 Clipper Founder and CEO Rinaldo Brutoco presented at the 2nd
International Hydrogen in Aviation Conference, held in Glasgow
this September, saying that the company would commence drawings
for a sub-scale prototype in 2022, hoping to fly it in 2024.
Stretch goals include getting a dirigible into operation by 2026,
and having 100 of them out there hauling cargo by the early
2030s.

https://newatlas.com/aircraft/h2clipper-hydrogen-dirigible-cargo/
 

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This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK64

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This week's images, featuring holiday lights from here and there
...



The Vital Spark (named after the fictional puffer of the stories
by Neil Munro) at Inveraray, Scotland. https://bbc.in/3GTM4k9 ...

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The base of the Eiffel Tower. https://bit.ly/3E1fFpJ ...

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Entrance to the Bronx Zoo, New York City. https://bit.ly/3ytZCQl
...

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Seattle. https://bit.ly/3oYiqDY ...

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The Cleveland Arcade. https://bit.ly/3m95ARC ...

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Tampa, Florida. https://bit.ly/3F1uj1L ...


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Manhattan. https://bit.ly/30wZAdL ...

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Our painting of the week is a wreath by Karen Tarlton.
https://bit.ly/3ywWB1p ...

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Shortwave Radiogram returns to MFSK32 ...



 

RSID: <<2021-12-17T00:58Z MFSK-32 @ 9265000+1500>>


This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK32 ...

 

Shortwave Radiogram is transmitted by:

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and

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Twitter: @SWRadiogram or twitter.com/swradiogram

I'm Kim Elliott. Please join us for the next Shortwave
Radiogram.

Keith Richards was born December 18, 1943.

Sending Pic:211x248;
 

keithrichards.com
rollingstones.com

Please report your decode to themightykbc@gmail.com

RSID: <<2021-12-16T02:45Z MFSK-64 @ 5850000+1500>>

This Is A Music Show #145
16 December 2021

0200-0300UTC Thursday on 5850 kHz

via WRMI, Okeechobee USA

***ALSO***

TIAnExpressMS w/ Radio Northern Europe International
via Channel 292 in Germany, mainly on 6070 kHz.

Broadcast various dates/times/freqs. Check the schedule here:

https://www.channel292.de/
https://rnei.org/

----------------------------------------

PLAYLIST

Frank Bilotti - Heart Breakers Blues

-----

The Creation - How Does It Feel (US Mono)
Brian's Children - Cut Your Hair
The Fall - Bombast

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The Montagu Three - Cupid
James Brown And The Famous Flames - Papa's Got A Brand New Bag Pt.2
Byron Lee And The Dragoneers - Pupalick

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Patrician Anne - Land Of Make Believe
Walkie Talkies - Photosynthesis
Peter Tosh - Iration

-----

Bruce Haack - Funky Doodle

-----

THIS DATA w/ Bert Kaempfert - Midnight Blues

-----

Yo La Tengo - I Heard You Looking

----------------------------------------


TIAMS Website:

https://thisisamusicshow.com

Go here for show archives + official shop!

-----

Please send reception reports/comments:

thisisamusicshow@gmail.com

Follow TIAMS on Twitter:

www.twitter.com/ThisIsAMusicSho/

------

Thanks for listening!

--YOUR HOST--


EOM
 

RSID: <<2021-12-16T02:46Z MFSK-64 @ 5850000+1500>>


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http://www.rhci-online.net/html/RNEI24.html